c1.2 atomic structure Flashcards
atoms
what does atom mean?
a building block of matter and the smallest particle of an element
what does element mean?
substances made of only one type of atom
what does compound mean?
group of atoms from different elements joined to-gather by chemical bonds in a fixed ratio
what are subatomic particles?
particles from which atoms are made, including protons, neutrons and electrons
what size are atomic radii and bond lengths?
10^-10m
how is the size of an atom given?
as its atomic radius(half its diameter)
what are the three particles in an atom?
protons, electrons and neutrons
what is the centre of a particle?
nucleus
what’s the lightest particle?
electrons 1/1840
why does an atom have no charge?
an atom has no charge because it has the same number of protons and electrons
what is the relative mass and charge of subatomic mass?
proton- +1 and 1
neutron- 0 and 1
electron- -1 and 0.0005
where is the mass of an atom located?
in it’s nucleus
what is a substance containing only one type of atom called?
element
what are an atoms nucleus surrounded by?
shells of electrons
what happens when atoms of different elements join together?
they form compounds
what happens when small numbers of atoms join together?
they form molecules
what is a mass number?
number of protons and number of neutrons
what is an atomic number?
number of protons and position of the symbol
how to calculate of sub-atomic particles?
number of protons= atomic number
number of electrons= number of protons
number of neutrons= mass number-atomic mass
what is isotopes?
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons(atomic number) but a different number of neutrons
exam question
18 O
8
it has 8 electrons and 10 neutrons
0xygen has 6 electrons in it’s outer shell so it is in group 6
electron configuration-2e in the first shell and 6e in the second shell(2.6)
