c1.1 - the particle model Flashcards
particles
what are particles?
Tiny bits of matter
what is a solid to a liquid called?
melting
what is a liquid to a gas called?
evaporation
what is a gas to liquid called?
condensation
what is a liquid to a solid called?
freezing
what is a solid to a gas called?
sublimation e.g. dry ice
what is a gas to a solid called?
deposition
what are the arrangements of particles?
solid- regular
liquid- random
gas- random
what is the relative difference between particles?
solid- close together
liquid- close together but moves a lot
gas- further away and moves a lot
what is the main movement of particles?
solid- vibration
liquid- move around each other
gas- moves in all directions
what do intermolecular forces of attraction hold together?
holds molecules together and breaks when liquids evaporate
what do chemical bonds hold together?
holds atoms together and breaks in a chemical reaction
what does the the particle model not take into account?
the force between particles
the size of particles
the space between particles
what are elements made up of?
tiny particles called atoms
what is the smallest atom?
helium
what are the electrostatic forces of attraction between?
positively charged particles and negatively charged particles
what happens the further particles are apart?
the forces get weaker
where are the forces stronger?
solids
how do you know if it is a chemical change?
always forms a new substance
releases heat and odours
changes colours
cant be undone
effervescence
precipitation
energy chance
e.g. fireworks exploding
how do you know if it is a physical change?
size increasing or decreasing
can be undone
e.g. melting choclate
how can you describe chemical change?
word equations or symbol equations
what does physical change mean?
no new substances are made but there is a change in the appearance of a substance
what are 3 examples of a chemical change?
burning petrol
lighting a match
toast burning
what are 3 examples of a physical change
melting salt
nail varnish drying
puddles evaporating
