C11 - Polymers Flashcards
1
Q
What is a polymer
A
Made up of thousands of repeating units called monomers
2
Q
What are the two types of polymers
A
- Addition polymers
- Condensation polymers
3
Q
What happens in condensation polymerisation
A
- The joining of two different monomers with two of the same functional group (diols or dicarboxylic acids) on the ends of the molecules
- This forms a condensation polymer and a small molecule e.g. water or HCl
4
Q
Differences between addition and condensation polymerisation
A
- Condensation starts with two different monomers but addition starts with one type of alkene (needs a C=C bond)
- Addition forms one product - the addition polymer whereas codensation forms two products - the condensation polymer and the small molecule
- Addition has a 100% atom economy whilst condensation doesn’t
5
Q
structural formula for glycine
A
H₂NCH₂COOH
6
Q
Fact about the functional group of amino acids
A
- They have two different functional groups joined by a peptide link
- E.g. glycine has an amine group and a carboxyl group
7
Q
Difference between a polypeptide and a protein
A
- Polypeptides are polymers made from only one type of amino acid
- Proteins are polymers made from different types of amino acids
8
Q
Structure of DNA and what does it stand for
A
- Two polymer chains made from monomers called nucleotides
- There are 4 different nucleotide monomers that can have either an A,T,C or G base
- The two polymer chains wrap around each other to form a double helix shape
- Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
9
Q
Common polymers of glucose
A
- Starch
- Cellulose
10
Q
What happens in addition polymerisation
A
- Alkenes are used as the monomers
- They are joined together to form a polymer and that is the only product - poly(name of the monomer)
- This means the repeating unit has exactly the same atoms as the monomer
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