C10 Healthcare Technology Flashcards
General term informatics definition
the science of computer application to data in different industries
Health informatics
The science of computer application that supports clinical and research data in different areas of health care
Health information systems
Systems that store, transmit, collect, and retrieve these data
Goal of health information technology (HIT)
Manage health data
that can be used by patients/consumers,
insurance companies, healthcare providers,
healthcare administrators, and any
stakeholder that has an interest in health
care. The result is an electronic patient
record.
Establishment of chief information officer (CIO) emphasizes
How important information systems and technology has become to healthcare organizations
EHR stands for
Electronic Health Records
- The federal government pays 90%
of the state’s cost for implementing this type of electronic system
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act
Enacted as part of the 2009 American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act, was
designed to stimulate the adoption of health
information technology in the United States
Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for HIT responsible for
Implementing the incentives and penalties program.
-ONC created meaningful use guidelines for physicians and others that will help them receive incentive payments and avoid future penalties (Over 95% of hospitals eligible for the
Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive
Programs have achieved meaningful use)
Meaningful use definition
Defined by the CMS,
has established core measures that
healthcare providers must meet to
determine the EHR system is being
adequately used
Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
The electronic record of
health-related information on an individual who is
accumulated from one health system and is utilized
by the health organization that provides patient
care
EHR definition
Accumulates more patient medical information from
many health organizations that have been involved
in the patient care that can be shared with other
sites
EHR benefits
▪Increased comprehensive reporting that
integrates both clinical and administrative data
▪Provide an opportunity to analyze and review
patient outcomes because of the
standardization of clinical assessments
▪Development of electronic automated reports
that improve patient discharge
▪Improved operational efficiency
▪Computerized documentation takes less
time than the previous handwritten notes.
▪Provides aggregate data in the patient
records to other departments
▪Patient information is legible
EHR Issues
▪A 2020 study of EHR use indicates that over
50% of physicians spend their time data
entering into the EHR system.
▪More physician burnout—less time with
patients
▪High implementation costs
▪No consistent national data standards
▪Adequate training for both healthcare
professionals and staff to fully utilize the
system
▪Uniform adoption of the EHR system by all
participants
Patient Portals
▪Linked to EHR systems
▪They enable patients to securely access their
patient information at any time.
▪Patients can review lab results, visit summaries,
records of tests, and prescriptions. Patients can
message their providers, request prescription
refills, and schedule routine appointments.
▪Patients are also able to make any payments.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
a field of
computerized methods and technologies created
to imitate human decision making
Expert Systems (ESs)
Technique of AI which were developed to imitate expert’s
knowledge in decision-making
-can be used to alert
and remind healthcare providers of a
change in a patient’s condition or to have a
laboratory test or an intervention
performed (spot mistakes)
-Can assist with a diagnosis using the
system’s database
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs)
Systems that are designed to integrate
medical information, patient information, and a decision-making tool to generate information to
assist with cases
CDSS: Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
enables a patient’s provider to enter a prescription
order or order for a lab or diagnostic test into a
computer system
4 Components of CPOE
- Information can be entered from a handheld
device, laptop, or desktop computer. - It enables the provider to order a test,
prescription, or procedure. - It is connected to a decision support system
that alerts providers to any problems with their
orders. - It can be integrated into the overall computer
system of the organization.
CPOE: E-Prescribing
form of CPOE focuses
on electronic prescription (no handwriting) ordering by a provider for their patient. (Over 90% pharmacies accepted)
- issues with drugs with similar-sounding
names, similar dosages, and similar
labeling
Medicare Improvements for
Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (MIPPA)
authorized incentives to encourage physicians to
e-prescribe (bonuses and penalties)
Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs)
companies that administer drug benefits for employers and health insurance carriers.
-PBM integrates
medical and pharmacy data of the population
to determine which interventions are the most
cost-effective and clinically appropriate
Spread pricing
when PBMs are reimbursed at a
higher rate for generic drugs than what the
PBM actually paid for from the pharmacies
Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs)
used by
software programs to alert pharmacists and
clinicians about potential drug-drug interactions
Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)
developed as a single-source platform
to collect, store, and share data that can be used by healthcare providers to make informed healthcare decisions
- foundation of data-driven patient
care because they provide the ability of
interoperability among patient systems to
integrate their data
Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs)
Group of organizations,
funded by the federal government, within a
geographic area that shares health data
electronically, typically from EHR and EMR
systems. They often were a depository for HIEs’ integrated data.
Blockchain Technology
system for recording
and storing transaction records, which are
distributed across all the participants who are
sending the data.
IBM Watson
computer that
was originally built with a host of AI tools. Provides health analytics consulting for health organizations.
Telehealth
A broad term that encompasses
the use of IT to deliver education, research, and
clinical care.
-An important activity of telehealth is the use of
email between providers and their patients.
E-health
Use of the Internet by both individuals and healthcare professionals to access education, research, products, and
services.
Telemedicine
refers to the use of IT to enable
healthcare providers to communicate with
rural care providers regarding patient care or
to communicate directly with patients
regarding treatment.
-The basic form of telemedicine is a telephone
consultation
Avel Care
Avera Health indicated that their
telemedicine services, Avera eCare, was
being purchased by a private equity firm and
be renamed Avel Care
Council for Affordable Quality Health Care (CAQH)
Nonprofit organization of alliances of
health plans and trade associations that discuss
efficiency initiatives to exchange patient
information
Committee on Operating Rules for Information Exchange (CORE)
Which borrows from the banking industry’s standards for one of the largest electronic payment systems in the world
-CORE
is being used for data exchange of EHRs to
ensure compliance with HIPAA and other
standards.
Enterprise data warehouses (EDWs)
developed to provide information that helps
organizations in strategic decision-making.
-integration of systems (ex. Veterans Affairs EDW)
Radiofrequency identification (RFID)
chips transmit data to receivers. Each chip
is uniquely identified by a signal indicating
where it is located
PhreesiaPad
Wireless digital device with a touchscreen keyboard, which allows a patient to enter
their demographic information and the reason they are visiting the doctor
-Eliminates patient need to replicated information
PatientPoint
Provides education to patients electronically while in the waiting room or an exam room.
Pharmabotics
It is a massive
vending machine with drugs being retrieved by
a robot. This eliminates human errors with
drug inventory and theft of inventory
Robotic Exoskeletons
Provide the support
needed to paralyzed or weak muscles that
enable patients to walk again
Microbots
Can deliver drugs inside body by magnets
Sapien Heart Valve
A life-saving alternative
to open-heart surgery for patients who need a new valve but are at high risk for surgery.
Piccolo xpress
compact, portable chemistry analyzer that
quickly delivers blood test results.
