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Chemistry > C1 Topic 2 - Materials From The Earth > Flashcards

C1 Topic 2 - Materials From The Earth Flashcards

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0
Q

Give examples of sedimentary rock.

A 
Limestone
Sandstone
Chalk
Coal
Shale
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1
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Layers of sediment build up at the bottom of rivers or oceans and as layers pile up, the pressure and heat increases, causing all the water to squeeze out, leaving mineral cement which holds the sediment particles together.

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2
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Metamorphic rocks are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under immense heat and pressure for long periods of time.

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3
Q

Give examples of metamorphic rocks.

A

Marble (chalk or limestone)
Quartz (sandstone)
Slate (shale)

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4
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

Igneous rocks are formed when magma finds it way to the crust before cooling and solidifying. If the magma cool on the surface, it is known as extrusive, these rocks cool faster and so crystals have less time to grow. If the magma solidifies underground, the crystals are bigger as the time taken is much longer, they are known as intrusive.

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5
Q

Give some examples of igneous rock.

A

Extrusive:
Basalt
Rhyolite

Intrusive:
Granite (Quartz and others)
Gabbro

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6
Q

Give uses of limestone.

A 
Building material
Road surfacing
Cement
Concrete
Glass
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7
Q

State some advantages and disadvantages of quarrying limestone.

A

Advantages:
Limestone can be used as building material
Can be used to neutralise acidic soil
Quarrying brings jobs to the local area
Restoration of the landscape is usually part of the planning permission

Disadvantages:
Destroys landscapes
Lots of noise and dust in otherwise peaceful areas
Destroys habitat of animals and plants
More noise and pollution from tricks and machinery
Lots of waste materials

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8
Q

What is the formula for calcium carbonate (limestone)?

A

CaCO3

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9
Q

What are the symbol and word equations for the thermal decomposition of limestone?

A

Calcium carbonate -> Calcium oxide + Carbon Dioxide

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

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10
Q

What gas does the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonate always produce?

A

Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

What are the symbol and word equations for the reaction between calcium oxide and water?

A

Calcium oxide + Water -> Calcium Hydroxide (limewater)

CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2

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Chemistry (16 decks)

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