C1: SEPERATING MIXTURES

Question 1

Filtration

Answer 1

used to separate insoluble solids from liquids
-fold filter paper into a cone shape
-put a funnel in a conical flask and put filter paper in funnel
-pour mixture through filter paper

Question 2

Crystallisation

Answer 2

used to separate soluble solids from solutions
-pour solution into an evaporating dish and gently heat solution. some of the solution will evaporate and the solution will get more concentrated
-once some of the solvent has evaporated or when you see crystals start to form, remove dish from heat and allow solution to cool
-salt should start to form crystals as it becomes insoluble in the cold highly concentrated solution
-filter crystals out of the solution and leave them in a warm place to dry

Question 3

Simple distillation

Answer 3

used to separate liquids from solutions
-solution is heated the part of the solution that has the lowest boiling point evaporates first
-vapur is then cooled, condenses and is collected
-rest of the solution is left behind in the flask

Question 4

Chromatography

Answer 4

-draw a line near the bottom of a sheet of filter paper using a pencil
-add a spot of ink to the line and place the sheet in a beaker of solvent (eg: water)
-place a lid on top of the container to stop the solvent evaporating
-the solvent seeps up the paper carrying the ink with it
-each dye in the ink will move up the paper at a different rate so the dyes will seperate out. each dye will form a different spot in a different place
-if any of the dyes in the ink are insoluble in the solvent youve used they’ll stay on the baseline
-when the solvent has nearly reached the top of the paper take the paper out of the beaker and leave it to dry
-the end result is called a chromatogram