C1 Key Concepts in Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What did JJ Thomson conclude about the structure of an atom?

A

Atoms were small spheres containing electrons in a ‘plum pudding model’

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2
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford do?

A

He fired positive alpha particles at an extremely thin gold sheet. Some were slightly deflected and very little were deflected straight back. The nuclear model was then created

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3
Q

What did Niels Bohr do?

A

He proposed a new model where electrons orbited the nucleus in shells

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4
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an element

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5
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an element

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6
Q

What is an isotope?

A

A different form of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of one atom of the element compared to 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12

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8
Q

How did Mendeleev order the first periodic table?

A

By order of atomic mass

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9
Q

How is the modern periodic table ordered?

A

By atomic number

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10
Q

What is an ion?

A

Charged particles

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11
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When a metal and a non-metal react together to form a strong compound held together by electrostatic forces

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12
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

A bond that forms when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

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13
Q

What are the properties of diamond?

A
  1. Very hard
  2. High melting and boiling points
  3. Insoluble
  4. Doesn’t conduct electricity
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14
Q

What are the properties of graphite?

A
  1. Soft and slippery
  2. High melting and boiling points
  3. Insoluble
  4. Does conduct electricity
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15
Q

What are the properties of buckminsterfullerene?

A
  1. Black solid
  2. Semi conductor
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16
Q

What are the uses for diamond?

A

Strengthening cutting tools

17
Q

What are the uses of graphite?

A

Lubrication

18
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force between metal ions

19
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  1. High melting and boiling points
  2. High density
  3. Malleable
  4. Good conductors of heat and electricity