C1 Atomic structure

Question 1

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 1

About 0.1 Nanometres
10^(-10) m

Question 2

How do you calculate the number of protons from an atomic symbol?

Answer 2

You look at the Atomic number

Question 3

What is an isotope?

Answer 3

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 4

How do you calculate Relative atomic mass?

Answer 4

Isotope abundance times isotope mass number over the sum of abundances of all the isotopes

Question 5

What is the difference between a mixture and compound?

Answer 5

Compound - Multiple elements chemically bonded
Mixture- multiple elements physically bonded

Question 6

Why do we need to balance equations?

Answer 6

Through the law of conservation of mass, we know that all the mass in the reaction has to go somewhere, it cant just disappear

Question 7

How to balance an equation?

Answer 7

The numbers in proportion for the amount of the elements/compounds must be the same, so make sure the reaction makes sense

Question 8

What is the stationary and mobile phases for the chromatography required practical

Answer 8

Stationary: Chromatography paper
Mobile: Solvent

Question 9

What is the process for a simple distillation?

Answer 9

1: The solution is heated. The part of the solution that has the lowest boiling point evaporates first
2: The vapour is the cooled, condenses in the condenser ( turns back into a liquid) and is collected

Question 10

Who made the theory that atoms were solid spheres?

Answer 10

John Dalton at the start of the 19th century

Question 11

Who concluded that atoms were based in the “plum pudding” model

Answer 11

JJ Thomson in 1897

Question 12

Who used the famous alpha particle scattering experiment to conclude atoms were mostly empty space

Answer 12

Ernest Rutherford in 1909 alpha particle scattering experiment

Question 13

In the Rutherford alpha particle scattering experiment, why did some of the particles seem to be changed in their trajectory?

Answer 13

The positive charge of the alpha particles and the positively charged nucleus both repelled each other so the alpha particles trajectory was altered.

Question 14

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 14

James Chadwick

Question 15

Why are group 0 atoms inert?

Answer 15

They already have a full outer shell so they dont need to react to gain another one

Question 16

Who first innovated on the periodic table to make it more modern

Answer 16

Dmitri mendeleev

Question 17

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?

Answer 17

Gaps were left in the table to ensure that elements with the same properties stayed in their appropriate group

Question 18

What does the group number in the periodic table tell you?

Answer 18

How many electrons in the outer shell

Question 19

What does the period number in the periodic table tell you?

Answer 19

How many shells is in the atom

Question 20

what are some properties of transition metals?

Answer 20

• They form coloured compounds
• They form multiple charged ions
• They make good catalysts

Question 21

What is the trend in reactivity going down the 1st group in the periodic table

Answer 21

-It gets higher

Question 22

What is the scientific name for the 1st group of the periodic table

Answer 22

Alkaline metals

Question 23

What are the trends of Group 7 of the Periodic table

Answer 23

• Lower reactivity as you go down the group
• Higher melting and boiling points
• Higher relative atomic mass

Question 24

What were the conclusions/observations from the Rutherford alpha particle scattering experiment?

Answer 24

Observations:
- Most particles went straight through
- Some particles were deflected
Conclusions:
- Atoms mostly empty space
- Concentrated positively charged mass in centre

Question 25

Why did the of Gallium support mendeleevs periodic table

Answer 25

• Proved his predictions of galliums properties to be correct
• Gallium fit in to the gap in the periodic table