C1: Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the defenition of an element?

Answer 1

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 2

What are the two elements in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons

Question 3

What is the name of the rings that electrons sit in?

Answer 3

Energy levels (shells)

Question 4

Who were the main 5 people who contributed to the current model of the atom?

Answer 4

John Dalton, John-Jacob Berzelius, Joseph John Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr.

Question 5

What was the plumb pudding model?

Answer 5

A model of the atom made by Joseph John Thomson, it had a circular ball with positive matter and Electrons floating around inside it.

Question 6

What was the Gold Foil experiment?

Answer 6

An experiment carried out by Ernest Rutherford, he shot infered lazers (alpha particles) at a peice of gold foil. Most lazers went through the foil but some bounced off in different directions. This showed that there must be some sort of dense concentrated block in the middle of the atom.

Question 7

Who was the first person to say that electrons were in shells (energy levels)?

Answer 7

Neils Bohr

Question 8

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 8

Because they have the same amount of protons as electrons

Question 9

What is an ion?

Answer 9

An ion is an atom without a neutral charge, this is because the number electrons has been lowered or increased, meaning the atom no longer has the same amount of protons as electrons

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 11

What is the maximum amount of electrons in the first shell (energy level)?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

What is the maximum amount of electrons in the 2nd and above shell (energy level)?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

What did John Dalton discover about the atom?

Answer 13

• He was the first person to use the word ATOM
• He realised that different elements have different masses
• Thought atoms were solid shapes with no empty spaces

Question 14

What did John Jacob Berzelius discover about the atom?

Answer 14

• Discovered that atoms were in circular shapes
• He took the first letter of the Latin Names of each of the elements and made those their chemical symbols, some of these symbols are still used in todays periodic table

Question 15

What did Joseph John Thomson discover about the atom?

Answer 15

• Created the plumb pudding model, in which electrons were sat in a positive matter
• Figured out the mass of an electron was 1/2000 of the mass of Hydrogen

Question 16

What did Ernest Rutherford discover about the atom?

Answer 16

• Carried out the gold foil experiment, in which alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold.
• Discovered that there was a small dense area in the middle of the atome (now known as the nucleus)
• Discovered that mass of the atom is empty space
• Discovered that the atom is neutral
• Discovered that the nucleus had a positive charge
• Put electons on energy levels that did not orbit the nucleus but instead were in oval shapes

Question 17

What did Niels Bohr discover about the atom?

Answer 17

• Discovered that the mass of the atom is in the central nucleus
• First person to say that electrons are in shells/energy levels orbiting the nucleus
• Said that electrons with full outer shells are not very reactive
• Realised electrons control the reactivity of the atom

Question 18

Who carried out the gold foil experiment?

Answer 18

Ernest Rutherford

Question 19

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 19

A bond between two metals

Question 20

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 20

A bond between two non-metals

Question 21

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 21

A bond between a metal and a non-metal

Question 22

What is nanoscience?

Answer 22

The study of structures between 1-100 nanometers (nm)