c1 Flashcards
what are the 4 states of matter and their symbol
solid (s), liquid (l), aqueas(aq), gas (g)
what did Democritus discover about the atom
everything is made from atoms
what did dalton discover about the atom
atom was a sphere shape, which are invisible and compounds are combinations of atoms
who and when was the plumb pudding model created
JJ Thompson (1897)
what was the concept of the plumb pudding model
sphere with negative dotted electrons, with a cloud with a positive charge
what experiment did Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden create, what did it do
gold foil experiment in 1911, most particles past straight through but some deflected concluding the atom has a positive nucleus
what did bohr conclude from the gold foil experiment
that the nucleus is positive and electrons are arranged in shells (1913)
what did Rutherford later discover about the atom
atoms nucleus contained this positively charged matter known as protons
what did Chadwick conclude about the atom
atoms nucleus contains positively charged matter known as neutrons
what was the order of the discoveries about the atom
Democritus, Dalton, JJ Thompson, Rutherford (Geiger and Marsden), Bohr, Rutherford again, Chadwick
what’s electrons mass and charge
mass = 0.0005 charge = -1
whats the atomic radius
around 0.1nm
what’s neutrons mass and charge
mass = 1 charge = 0
what’s protons mass and charge
mass = 1 charge = +1
which number is atomic number
smaller number
what numbers mass number
the bigger number
how to find number of electrons
atomic number
how to find number of protons
atomic number
how to find number of neutrons
mass - atomic number
gas to liquid state change name
condensing
whats an ion
different number of protons and electrons and results in the atom having a charge
number of electrons in F- (f has atomic number of 9)
10
number of electrons f2+ (f has atomic number of 9)
7
whats an isotope
same number of protons but different number of neutrons
features of solids - particle model `
strong forces of attraction which holds particles close together in a fixed position in a definite shape and volume. the particles don’t move around but vibrate and heat makes them vibrate more
features of liquids - particle model
weak forces of attraction which allow particles to be free to move however still have a definite volume.an increase in heat results in an increase in movement
features of gases - particle model
very weak forces of attraction, particles free to move, always fill a container. they have constant movement and random motion. an increase in heat causes an increased pressure
disadv. of particle model
spheres don’t correctly represent the particles which are atoms, molecules or ions.
doesn’t include detail about the forces, how strong and how many forces there are
whats relative atomic mass
different isotopes have different masses. The relative atomic mass is the average mass of these isotopes.
whats the formula for relative atomic mass
sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass) / sum of abundance of all isotopes
