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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

need to be done: separation methods, group 1,7,0 and scientist and their versions of the periodic table, Rutherford's scattering experiment

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1
Q

\what is an element?

A

a substance that can’t be broken down into any other substance
- made up of 1 an atom that can bond together

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2
Q

what are compounds?

A

made up of atoms of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together
- atoms of elements react in chemical reactions to from compounds

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3
Q

how are compounds separated?

A

by chemical reactions

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4
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements or compounds
- NOT chemically bonded

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5
Q

how are mixtures separated?

A

by physical processes such as filtration distillation
- don’t involve chemical reactions —->
so the elements and compounds don’t change (they are only separated from each other)

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6
Q

what are molecules made of?

A

one or more atoms that have bonded together
- those atoms can be the same element or different

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7
Q

what is a diatomic molecule?

A

2 atoms

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8
Q

what is filtration?

A

method for separating insoluble solid from a liquid

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9
Q

what is crystalisation?

A
  • used to form solid crystals from a solution
  • used to separate soluble solid from a liquid
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10
Q

what is simple distillation used for?

A

used to separate a liquid from a solid

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11
Q

what is fractional distillation used for?

A

used to separate a mixture of different liquid
- these liquids must have different boiling point

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12
Q

what is chromatography used for?

A

to separate substances based on their different solubilities
- is used to separate mixtures of more than 1 soluble solvent.

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13
Q

what are all substances made of?

A

atoms

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14
Q

what is atomic mass?

A

protons + neutrons

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15
Q

what is atomic number?

A

protons

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16
Q

what are the 3 subatomic particles

A

protons, neutron and electrons

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17
Q

what are atoms?

A

the smallest part of an element that can exist

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18
Q

what is charge and mass of protons?

A

charge = +1
mass = 1

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19
Q

what is the charge and mass of neutrons?

A

charge = 0
mass = 1

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20
Q

what is the charge and mass of electrons?

A

charge = -1
mass = 1/2000

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21
Q

how do you work out the number of electrons?

A

electrons = number of protons

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22
Q

how do you work out the number of neutrons

A

atomic mass- atomic number

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23
Q

what are protons neutrons and electrons? where are they found?

A

they subatomic particles
protons and neutrons found in nucleus
electrons found on energy shells

24
Q

what does subatomic mean?

A

inside an atom

25
Q

what is the equations for Relative atomic mass?

A

Ar = (% of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + ( % of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2)
all divided by 100

26
Q

what are isotopes?

A

atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

27
Q

what are group 1 elements known as?

A

alkali metals

28
Q

what 3 properties of group 1 metals

A

soft, grey and shiny

29
Q

what are group 1 metals stored in?

A

oil because they would reactive with the oxygen in the air rapidly

30
Q

what happens when group 1 metals are placed in water?

A

they produce an alkali and hydrogen gas

31
Q

Are elements more/less reactive as you go down group 1?

A

more reactive

32
Q

why are elements more reactive as you go down group 1?

A

-the outer electron shell is further from the nucleus and more shielded by other shells
-the electrostatic force of attraction between the outer electron and nucleus is weaker
- easier for outer electron to be lost

33
Q

what ions does group 7 form?

A

1-

34
Q

are elements more or less reactive as you go down group 7?

A

less reactive

35
Q

why are elements less reactive as you go down group 7?

A
  1. there are more electron shells
  2. the outer shell if further from the nucleus
  3. the electrostatic forces of attraction between free electron and nucleus is weaker
  4. harder to attract an electron into the outer shell
36
Q

what are group 7 elements known as?

A

Halogens

37
Q

does the melting and boiling point increase or decrease as you go down group 7?

A

increase

38
Q

what do group 7 elements form when they reactive with other non-metal

A

covalent compounds

39
Q

what do group 7 elements form when they reactive with metals

A

ionic compounds

40
Q

is group 0 reactive or unreactive?

A

unreactive because they have have a full outer shell so don’t need to lose or gain electrons

41
Q

what happens to the boiling point as you go down group 0?

A

boiling point increases

42
Q

who created the Law of Octaves?

A

John Newlands

43
Q

what did John Newland order the periodic table by?

A

atomic weight

44
Q

who grouped metals and non-metals together?

A

John Newland

45
Q

what did Dimitri Mendeleev order the periodic table by?

A

atomic weight

46
Q

what is the modern periodic table ordered by?

A

atomic number

47
Q

what consisted of Dimitri Mendeleevs periodic table? 2

A

-left gaps for undiscovered elements
- predicted properties of undiscovered elements

48
Q

what did John Dalton discover? when?

A

At the start of the 19th century atoms were described as solid spheres

49
Q

who suggested the Plum Pudding model? when?

A

JJ Thomson in 1897

50
Q

what did Ernest Rutherford discover? when?

A

The Alpha scattering experiment
- 1909
-only the nucleus is + charged
-most of the atom is empty space

51
Q

what did Niels Bohr discover? when?

A

around 1911- electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus

52
Q

what did James Chadwick discover when?

A

around 1940 - there are neutrons in the nucleus

53
Q

In what year were electrons discovered? by who?

A

1897
- J.J Thomson

54
Q

In what year were protons discovered? by who?

A

1909
- Ernest Rutherford

55
Q

in what year were neutrons discovered? by who?

A

1932
- James Chadwick

Chemistry (13 decks)

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