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AAI > C. Pharmacology > Flashcards

C. Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline

A

act on B2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle
inhibit mediator release from mast cells
inhibit mucus secretion

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2
Q

Ach

A

bronchoconstriction
increase mucous secretion
coughing responding to irritants

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3
Q

exercise induced asthma

A

water loss - cooling dehydration - sensory nerve activation - asthma symptoms

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4
Q

compliance: ability to stretch
elastance: recoil

A

Stiff lungs: low compliance high elastic recoil.

Fibrosis caused by damage after TB

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5
Q

Spirometry

A

measure lung volume

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6
Q 
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Tidal Volume (VT)
A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Inspiration reserve volume (IRV)

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7
Q

COPD: reduced or normal FVC, but greatly decreased FEV1:FVC ratio

A

Restrictive (fibrosis): Normal FEV1:FVC ratio, but decreased FVC

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8
Q

build up of CO2 formation of HCO3 decrease in pH

A

Acute respiratory acidoses

in chronic - pH returns to normal but HCO3 levels increase

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9
Q

Hyperventilation - loss CO2 - alkalosis

A

Increase CO2 - drop pH - increase breathing to limit hypoxia

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10
Q

Metabolic acidosis (diabetes) - drop pH - stimulate ventilation

A

Metabolic alkalosis (vomiting) - depress ventilation

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11
Q

COPD

A

chronic bronchitis + emphysema

high energy demand and difficult to eat

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12
Q

phases of asthma attack

A

early/intermediate phase: degranulation of mast cell - histamine, LT C4, LTD4, chemokines, cytokines - late phase: leukocytes attracted (T cells, basophils)

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13
Q

Steroid - intracellular receptors - forms dimer - genomic response

A 
Activate genes (Annexin A1, B2 adreno, anti-inflammatory cytokines)
repress genes (inflammatory cytokines eg IL2, chemokines)
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14
Q

Annexin A1

A

inhibit PLA2 - less Arachidonic acid thus less PG, LT

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15
Q

steroid side effect

A 
throat infections (inhaled)
osteoporosis (oral)
adrenal suppression in children
indigestion (oral)
withdrawal effect (gradual reduction)
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16
Q

COPD and severe asthma poor response to steroids

A

genetic resistance
modification of GR receptor
decreased nuclear translocation
increased efflux

17
Q

Leuokotrienes

A

Stimulate mucus secretion
bronchoconstriction
airway remodelling
hyperresponsiveness

18
Q

Type 1 allergy - hypersensitivity

A

IgE synthesis
attachment to mast cells
Allergen bind to IgE and allow Ca2+ entry
mast cell degranulation - release of mediators of inflamation
increase permeability, chemotaxis, mucucs, oedema.

19
Q

Antihistamines block 3 things

A

Sensory - itch, sneeze
goblet - mucus
blood vessel - permeability

20
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

house dust mite & animal fur

seasonal (hay fever)

21
Q

steroid counselling

A

days/weeks for max effect
start before season
monitor height in children (adrenal suppression)
oral steroids not 1st line - can be used <2weeks

AAI (4 decks)

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