Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AAI > C. Pharmaceutics > Flashcards

C. Pharmaceutics Flashcards

1
Q

for doses to be effective

A

Deposit in appropriate region
right quantity
cross barriers and defence mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inertial impaction mechanism

A

bigger particles deposit quickly in the upper airways due to higher inertia
scales with mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sedimentation mechanism

A

gravity can pull particles to airway surface

scales with mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aerodynamic diameter

A

a particle can be more than 10 microns but behave as 3 microns, due to less daer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

interception mechanism

A

particles contact airway surface due to the size/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respirable fraction

A

percentage of particle that are less than 5 um, hence likely to be deposited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sizing of particles in inhaled products

A

Microscopy (labour intensive)
laser diffraction
aerosizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microscopy

A

electron or optical
need to be aware of irregular 3d particles when observing
good observation for shape
difference between projected area diameter and projected perimeter diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

laser diffraction

A

measures light diffraction pattern - size

assumes spherical particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aerosizer

A

measures time particle needs to move through laser
small particle - faster
0.2-700 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

impaction methods of measuring aerodynamic diameter

A

predict site of deposition in lung

using inertial impaction mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Twin liquid impinger in seperating large and small particles cut off-6.4 microns

A

two stages
cheap, simple
BP accepted but not USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Andersen cascade impactor

or Next generation impactor

A

8 stages
size distribution information
labour intensive
accepted by BP and USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eye drug delivery lecture

A

anterior and posterior segments completely separated.

tear film three layers, lipid, aqueous, mucin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if disease is before cornea can be treated with eyedrops

A

behind cornea only 1-5% can be absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reason why low absorption in anterior segment

A 
tear drainage (drug diluted)
absorption into system circulation 
protein binding in tear film
corneal barrier (drug has to have correct hydro-lipo philicity)
17
Q

Eye drops

A 
solution- free of particles
suspension- particles less than 50 microns
ph 7.4
isotonic
sterile using preservatives max 10 ml
18
Q

eye ointments

A

dispersed in semi-solid greasy base
max 50 micron particles
no preservatives as no water

19
Q

Nasal drug delivery lecture

A

Regions: Vestibule, Atrium, Turbinates, olfactory, nasopharynx
Turbinates (warm, humidify, filter air) increase SA

20
Q

Respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated and non ciliated cells, goblet, basal cells
mucus
vascularised
large SA - rapid absorption

21
Q

advantages in nasal delivery

A 
easy acces
non invasive
avoid GI tract
rapid absorption
easy formulation
22
Q

limitations of nasal delivery

A

small cavity
mucociliary clearance - 15-20 min
high cyp450 and proteases
systemic side effects

23
Q

Nasal sprays

A

particles > 50 microns
easier to administer
must be: aqueous, isotonic, physiological pH.

24
Q

INHALERS 3

A

nEBULISER - aqueous solution
Pressurised meted dose inhalers (pMDI) liquified gas
Dry powder inhalers

25
Q

Nebulisers

A

Jet: air forced through a narrow hole

ultrasonic (portable): piezoelectric crystals

26
Q

Nebuliseer advantage

A 
aqueous (simple for soluble drugs)
no hand lung coordination
large doses
inhalaiton manoeuvre not needed
low cost
27
Q

Disadvantages nebuliser

A

not protable yet
long time
low efficiency (10% reaches lungs)
micorbial contamination

28
Q

`pMDI

A

inhaler label
container: strong(pressure), robust, light, inert.
propellant: liquid under pressure - gas in atmospheric, vapour pressure needs to be constant, nonflammable, inert.
Hydro fluoroalkanes (HFA)

29
Q

drug aspects

A

dose 5microns - 5 mg

particle size reduction needed - to deposit

30
Q

problems with suspensios

A

sedimentation
flocculation (reversible)
caking
ostwald ripening

31
Q

pMDI advantage

A 
portable
multidose
consistent formation and operation for all typees
inexpensive
dose uniformity
32
Q

pMDI Disadvantages

A 
no breath actuation
low lung deposition
no dose counter on most
low doses
priming before use
33
Q

DPIs

A

drug more stable in dry form rather than in suspension

dose not constant - vary patient to patient

34
Q

main issues

A

<5 microns are cohesive, hard to separate

moisture increase agglomeration

35
Q

types os DPI

A

unit
multiple unit
reservoir

36
Q

types of DPI

A

unit
multiple unit
reservoir

37
Q

Disadvantages

A

Breath actuated(depend on patient effort)
different designs
humidity affected
expensive

AAI (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions