C/P Flashcards
converging:
o > f
real, inverted image
converging:
o = f
no image
converging:
o < f
virtual, upright image
converging:
o at infinity
image at f
Diverging:
image is always virtual and upgright
real images = +
for a lens, real images form on the other side of the lens from the object
virtual images = -
for a lens, virtual images form on the same side of the lens as the object
Kb =
[OH-][HB] / [B-]
Avogadro’s #
6.02 x 10^23
Ka =
[A-][H+] / [HA]
amino acids that have two chiral centers
isoleucine and threonine
anomer
diasteromer that differs only at the anomeric carbon
reduction of carboxylic acid to 1 alcohol
by BH3
reduction of ketone to 1 alcohol
NaBH4
dash means chari conformation
down
wedge means chair conformation
up
positive specific rotation
clockwise but S
Negative specific rotation
counterclockwise but R
SN1 reactions react fastest with
tertiary then secondary then primary then methyl
Longer retention time indicattes
greater affinity for the stationary phase and less affinity for the mobile phase
Simple distiliation
less than 150 degrees but more than 25 degrees apart
Vaccum distiliation
when they have a boiling point above <150 degrees
fractional distilation
when they are less than 25 degrees apart
gas liquid retention time is based on
larger MWs and higher boiling point
High-performance liquid chromatographhy
small sample sizes
mobile phase under pressure
separates based on polarity
what does UV do to electrons
excites them by UV light
Normal HPLC
non polar mobile phase
polar stationary phase
Reverse HPLC
non polar stationary phase
polar mobile phase
Polar mobile phases for HPLC
water, methanol, acetone
Nonpolar mobile phases for HPLC
Hexanes
Polar stationaruy phases for HPLC
silica
