(c) electron configuration and atomic orbitals Flashcards
What does a quantum number describe?
An electrons location in space.
How many numbers make up a quantum number?
4
What does the first quantum number represent?
An electrons energy level.
What does the second quantum number represent?
An electrons sub-shell/ orbital.
What does the third quantum number represent?
The orientation of the orbital.
What does the fourth quantum number represent?
The spin of the electron.
What is important regarding quantum numbers within electrons?
That no two electrons can have the same quantum number.
What is the first quantum number also known as?
The principle quantum number.
How is the first quantum number denoted?
The letter ‘n’.
What is an orbital?
An area of space where you could find an electron.
What is the likelihood of finding an electron in an orbital?
90%
What makes electrons similar to photons?
They both have wave/ particle duality.
How are orbitals/ sub-shells denoted?
The letter ‘L’.
What is the range of L?
L=0-> n-1
If n=3 what does L equal?
L=0,1,2
What does the different values of L relate to?
The different shaped orbitals.
If L=0 what is the type and shape of the orbital?
S orbital and a sphere.
If L=1 what is the type and shape of the orbital?
P orbital and dumbbell.
If L=2 what is the type and shape of the orbital?
d orbital and double dumbbell.
If L=3 what is the type of orbital?
f.
What is the third quantum number represented by?
M L.
What is the range of ML?
ML= -L->+L
For L=0 what does ML equal?
0
If ML equals 0 how many numbers are there and by association how many orientations are there?
1 number so 1 orientation.
How many orientations does the S orbital have?
1
For L=1 what does ML equal?
-1, 0, +1
If ML=-1, 0, +1 how many numbers are there and therefore how many orientations are there?
3 numbers so 3 orientations.
How does the dum bell change its orientation to fit 3 orientations on a cartesian diagram?
The dumbbell lies on each different axis.
How many orientations does the P orbital have?
3
For L=2 what does ML equal?
ML= -2,-1,0,1,2
If ML=2 how many numbers are there and therefore how many orientations are there?
5 numbers so 5 orientations.
What does dz^2 look like?
A dumbbell along the z axis with a circle around the middle at the origin.
How many orientations does the d orbital have?
5
If L=3 what does ML equal?
ML=-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3
if ML=3 how many numbers are there and therefore how many orientations are there?
7 numbers so 7 orientations.
What is the fourth quantum number represented by?
Ms
If a single headed arrow is pointing up what is its number?
+1/2
If a single headed arrow is pointing down what is its number?
-1/2
What does Aufbaus’ Principle state?
Electrons must fill the lowest energy orbitals first.
What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
Orbitals can hold a maximum of 2 electrons and these electrons must have opposite spins.
What is Hunds’ rule?
If there are degenerate (same energy) orbitals, electrons will fill unoccupied orbitals before ‘doubling up’.
What is the correct order for increasing energy levels in orbitals for box notation?
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f.
