C++ Deck 6

Question 1

What type of value does double store?

Answer 1

Standard floating-point that holds fractional data.

Question 2

Memory Size: double

Answer 2

8 bytes

Question 3

Signed or Unsigned: double

Answer 3

Signed / Unsigned: -1.7x10^-308 to +1.7x10^308

Question 4

What type of value does long double hold?

Answer 4

Quadruple precision floating-point for fractional numbers. May not be available on all machines.

Question 5

Memory Size: long double

Answer 5

16 bytes

Question 6

Signed or Unsigned: long double

Answer 6

Same as double, but with more digits after the decimal point (for higher precision)

Question 7

The 4 main Identifier (variable) style conventions.

Answer 7

1. Start names with a letter (not an underscore).
2. Should be meaningful / self-documenting
3. Don’t use special characters
4. Don’t use keywords / reserved words

Question 8

What is a constant variable?

Answer 8

A variable declared to be an immutable value. It cannot be changed at any time after initialization. It MUST be initialized when declared (on the same line).

Uses the keyword “const” followed by the data type and then the variable and initialized assignment value.

Constant variable is usually in all caps.

const double PI = 3.14;

Question 9

What is the meaning of the Escape Sequence: \n

Answer 9

new line

Question 10

What is the meaning of the Escape Sequence: \t

Answer 10

tab

Question 11

What is the meaning of the Escape Sequence: "

Answer 11

double quote

Question 12

What is the meaning of the Escape Sequence: '

Answer 12

single quote

Question 13

What is the meaning of the Escape Sequence: \

Answer 13

backslash

Question 14

What would a c++ line that outputs a precise floating point value rounded to 3 decimal places look like?

Answer 14

cout &laquo_space;fixed &laquo_space;setprecision(3);

Question 15

The 4 parts of a loop.

Answer 15

1. Initialization
2. Condition
3. Loop Body
4. Increment/Decrement

Question 16

What is loop initialization?

Answer 16

The first step; executed before the loop starts and is typically used to initialize a loop control variable. It sets the initial value for the variable that will be used to control the loop.

Question 17

What is a loop condition?

Answer 17

The condition evaluated before each iteration of the loop. If the condition is true, the loop body is executed. If false, the loop is terminated and the program continues with the next statement after the loop.

Question 18

What is the loop body?

Answer 18

The loop body contains the code that is executed repeatedly as long as the condition is true. It can consist of one ore more statements or blocks of code.

Question 19

What is the loop increment/decrement?

Answer 19

The part of a loop responsible for modifying the loop control variable after each iteration. It helps ensure that the condition will eventually be false, preventing an infinite loop.

Question 20

The 6 stages of Step-wise Refinement

Answer 20

1. Identifying the Task (what do I need to accomplish?)
2. Decomposing the Task (How do I do that?)
3. Implementing the Basic Loop Structure (for, while, do-while – depending on what you need.)
4. Implementing a Single Step (write one step)
5. Refining and Extending (Create more subtasks after the first task is working correctly)
6. Testing and Debugging (error hunting)

Question 21

What is the syntax of a while loop?

Answer 21

while (boolean expression)

{

    statement1;

    statement2;

    // ...

    statementN;

}

Question 22

What is the syntax of a do while loop?

Answer 22

do

{

    statement1;

    statement2;

    // ...

    statementN;

} while (boolean expression);

Question 23

What is the syntax of a for loop?

Answer 23

for (initialCondition; boolean Expression; iterativeStatement)

{

    statement1;

    statement2;

    // ...

    statementN;

}

Question 24

Should you use a break statement in a loop?

Answer 24

NO!

Question 25

When is the best situation to use a while loop?

Answer 25

When you don’t know how many times you want the loop to run beforehand.

Question 26

Should you use a continue statement in a loop?

Answer 26

NO!

Question 27

When is the best situation to use a for loop?

Answer 27

When counting and when we know the exactly the number of times the loop would run.

Question 28

When is the best situation to use a do-while loop?

Answer 28

When you don’t know how many times you want the loop to run beforehand, but you do want to make sure that the body of the loop executes at least once before checking the condition.