C++ Deck 1

Question 1

What is the definition of lexical elements in C++?

Answer 1

Words, names, symbols, etc. that are part of the lexicon of the programming language. They’re the items that a program can understand as a part of a valid statement.

Question 2

What are keywords?

Answer 2

Particular words that have a definitive meaning and purpose in C++, e.g. - namespace
aka “Reserved Words”

Question 3

What are directives?

Answer 3

Specific instructions given to the C++ compiler to perform actions like including libraries, defining constants, etc. e.g. - #include

Question 4

What are identifiers?

Answer 4

Names given by the programmer to programmatic or storage elements to make our task easier, e.g. - “number” (or some other variable or function name)

Question 5

What are literals?

Answer 5

Values directly specified in the program, e.g. - 10, 25, etc. sometimes referred to as “hardcoded”

Question 6

A location in memory associated with a name that can store ONE value. It also has a data type that specifies what type of information it can store and how it is formatted in memory.

Answer 6

Variable

Question 7

True or False: An operator is a lexical element.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the operation, operator, and operand in this statement: x + y

Answer 8

operation: addition
operator: +
operands: x, y

Question 9

What are the operation, operator, and operand in this statement: 15 - 12

Answer 9

operation: subtraction
operator: -
operands: 15, 12

Question 10

What are the operation, operator, and operand in this statement: z * 9

Answer 10

operation: multiplication
operator: *
operands: z, 9

Question 11

What is an arity in C++?

Answer 11

The number of arguments or operands taken by a function, operation, or relation.

Question 12

What is a Unary operator?

Answer 12

An operator that uses exactly 1 operand.

Question 13

What is a Binary Operator?

Answer 13

Operators that take 2 operands (even if that’s not obvious at first glance.)
The most common arity for C++ operators.

Question 14

What are Ternary Operators?

Answer 14

These operators use exactly 3 operands. The conditional operator (?:) and the spaceship operator (<=>) are examples. Not covered in-depth during these chapters.

Question 15

Is -20 Unary, Binary or Ternary?

Answer 15

Unary
There is only one operand (20) and the operator is the negative sign (also known as unary minus)

Question 16

Is ++ a Unary, Binary, or Ternary operator?

Answer 16

Unary. It increments the value of whatever it pre- or -post increments.

Question 17

Is “value + number” Unary, Binary, or Ternary?

Answer 17

Binary. There are two operands (value, number)

Question 18

Is X = 51 Unary, Binary, or Ternary?

Answer 18

Binary. There are two operands (x, 51)

Question 19

Is cout«num Unary, Binary, or Ternary?

Answer 19

Binary. There are two operands (cout, num)

Question 20

What is the arity of the&raquo_space; (extraction) operator used in a cin statement?

Answer 20

Binary. It uses two operands (the input, then the variable where the input is subsequently stored)

Question 21

What is cascading?

Answer 21

When an operator appears several times in the same statement, i.e. cout«x«y«z (outputs all 3 values in the order they appear from left to right)

Question 22

What is operator precedence?

Answer 22

The order in which C++ evaluates operators in a given statement containing multiple operators.

Question 23

What is left and right associativity?

Answer 23

When two operators have the same precedence, their associativity determines which order they will be evaluated in.

Left associativity is evaluated from left-to-right, Right associativity is evaluated from right-to-left.

Question 24

What is the name of this operator: =

Answer 24

Assignment Operator

Question 25

What is the assignment operator used for?

Answer 25

Assigning a value to a variable.