(C) Chemical Safety Flashcards
Define Corrosives.
A chemical that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations to living tissue at the site of contact.
Define Toxic substances.
Substances in relatively small amounts that have serious biological effects following inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Define median lethal dose (LD50).
LD50 is the amount of a material, given all at once, causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals.
Define median lethal concentration (LC50).
LC50 is the concentration of chemical in the air or water that causes death in 50% of test animals within 14 days after exposure to a concentration for a set period of time.
Define Carcinogens.
A chemical that is believed to cause neoplasms (cancer) or cause an increased risk for neoplasm, after repeat exposures.
Define Tumorigenic agent.
Chemical that produces or tends to produce tumors.
Define Mutagen agent.
Chemical that tends to increase the frequency or extent of a mutation.
Define Antineoplastic agent.
Medications used to treat cancer (i.e. chemotherapy).
Define Combustibles.
A substance that has a flash point above 100F.
Define Flash Point.
Minimum temperature at which enough vapor is produced an is able to ignite.
Define Flammables.
A substance that has a flash point below 100F.
Define Explosives.
Reactive and unstable substances that readily undergo violent chemical change.
Capable of causing an explosion when struck or shaken or when in contact with another chemical.
Define Sensitizers.
A substance that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposures.
Define Irritant.
A chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue at the site of contact.
Generally non-corrosive.
Define Oxidizers.
A chemical that can readily give off oxygen or other oxidizing substances (such as bromine, chlorine, or fluorine).
Cause or contribute to combustion of other materials by providing oxygen to support the combustion process.
Define Reactives.
Substances which can, in contact with air, water or other common substances, vigorously or violently give off heat, energy or toxic gases or vapors.
Describe the Employers and Manufacturers role in the Hazard Communication Standard.
Employers: must inform employees about potential chemical hazard exposures (right to know).
Manufacturers: evaluate chemical hazards, prepare labels and SDS.
Describe the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.
Identifies all physical and health hazards in the laboratory relating to the manipulation, containment, and storage of chemicals
Supersedes Hazardous Communication Standard requirements
Requirements include a chemical hygiene plan and designation of a chemical hygiene officer.
Describe the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Provide procedures and work practices for regulating and reducing exposure to hazardous chemicals
Specifies: Training (e.g. safe work practices), Provisions, medical surveillance program, list of chemicals in inventory, SDSs, labeling requirements, record-keeping requirements, and measures for appropriate maintenance of protective equipment.
Describe the Formaldehyde Standard.
Applies to all occupational exposures to formaldehyde; formaldehyde is a sensitizing agent and a carcinogen.
What are the two major elements to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?
(1) Classification of the hazard of chemicals.
(2) Communication of the hazards and precautionary information using SDS.
GHS divides hazards into what three major groups?
Health, physical, and environmental.
Within chemical labeling, the categories of chemicals are rated 1 through 4 with 1 being ___ hazardous and 4 being ___ hazardous.
most; least
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Exploding Bomb
- Explosives
- Self-reactives
- Organic Peroxides
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Gas Cylinder
- Gasses under pressure
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Exclamation Mark
- Irritant (skin and eye)
- Skin sensitizer
- Acute toxicity (harmful)
- Narcotic effects
- Respiratory tract irritant
- Hazardous to the ozone layer
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Flame
- Flammables
- Pyrophorics
- Self-heating
- Emits flammable gas
- Self-reactives
- Organic peroxides
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Corrosion
- Skin corrosion/burns
- Eye damage
- Corrosive to metals
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Health Hazard
- Carcinogen
- Mutagenicity
- Respiratory Sensitizer
- Target organ toxicity
- Aspiration toxicity
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Flame Over Circle
- Oxidizers
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Skull and Crossbones
- Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)
What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:
Environmental (non-mandatory)
- Aquatic Toxicity
Describe primary and secondary chemical containers.
Primary - chemicals/reagents shipped in original contains from manufacturer (all six labeling elements)
Secondary - hold chemicals/reagents transferred from primary container
What should be considered when storing chemicals?
Temperature, compatibility, location, and ventilation.
