(C) Chemical Safety

Question 1

Define Corrosives.

Answer 1

A chemical that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations to living tissue at the site of contact.

Question 2

Define Toxic substances.

Answer 2

Substances in relatively small amounts that have serious biological effects following inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

Question 3

Define median lethal dose (LD50).

Answer 3

LD50 is the amount of a material, given all at once, causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals.

Question 4

Define median lethal concentration (LC50).

Answer 4

LC50 is the concentration of chemical in the air or water that causes death in 50% of test animals within 14 days after exposure to a concentration for a set period of time.

Question 5

Define Carcinogens.

Answer 5

A chemical that is believed to cause neoplasms (cancer) or cause an increased risk for neoplasm, after repeat exposures.

Question 6

Define Tumorigenic agent.

Answer 6

Chemical that produces or tends to produce tumors.

Question 7

Define Mutagen agent.

Answer 7

Chemical that tends to increase the frequency or extent of a mutation.

Question 8

Define Antineoplastic agent.

Answer 8

Medications used to treat cancer (i.e. chemotherapy).

Question 9

Define Combustibles.

Answer 9

A substance that has a flash point above 100F.

Question 10

Define Flash Point.

Answer 10

Minimum temperature at which enough vapor is produced an is able to ignite.

Question 11

Define Flammables.

Answer 11

A substance that has a flash point below 100F.

Question 12

Define Explosives.

Answer 12

Reactive and unstable substances that readily undergo violent chemical change.

Capable of causing an explosion when struck or shaken or when in contact with another chemical.

Question 13

Define Sensitizers.

Answer 13

A substance that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposures.

Question 14

Define Irritant.

Answer 14

A chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue at the site of contact.

Generally non-corrosive.

Question 15

Define Oxidizers.

Answer 15

A chemical that can readily give off oxygen or other oxidizing substances (such as bromine, chlorine, or fluorine).

Cause or contribute to combustion of other materials by providing oxygen to support the combustion process.

Question 16

Define Reactives.

Answer 16

Substances which can, in contact with air, water or other common substances, vigorously or violently give off heat, energy or toxic gases or vapors.

Question 17

Describe the Employers and Manufacturers role in the Hazard Communication Standard.

Answer 17

Employers: must inform employees about potential chemical hazard exposures (right to know).

Manufacturers: evaluate chemical hazards, prepare labels and SDS.

Question 18

Describe the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.

Answer 18

Identifies all physical and health hazards in the laboratory relating to the manipulation, containment, and storage of chemicals

Supersedes Hazardous Communication Standard requirements

Requirements include a chemical hygiene plan and designation of a chemical hygiene officer.

Question 19

Describe the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

Answer 19

Provide procedures and work practices for regulating and reducing exposure to hazardous chemicals

Specifies: Training (e.g. safe work practices), Provisions, medical surveillance program, list of chemicals in inventory, SDSs, labeling requirements, record-keeping requirements, and measures for appropriate maintenance of protective equipment.

Question 20

Describe the Formaldehyde Standard.

Answer 20

Applies to all occupational exposures to formaldehyde; formaldehyde is a sensitizing agent and a carcinogen.

Question 21

What are the two major elements to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?

Answer 21

(1) Classification of the hazard of chemicals.

(2) Communication of the hazards and precautionary information using SDS.

Question 22

GHS divides hazards into what three major groups?

Answer 22

Health, physical, and environmental.

Question 23

Within chemical labeling, the categories of chemicals are rated 1 through 4 with 1 being ___ hazardous and 4 being ___ hazardous.

Answer 23

most; least

Question 24

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 24

Exploding Bomb

• Explosives
• Self-reactives
• Organic Peroxides

Question 25

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 25

Gas Cylinder

- Gasses under pressure

Question 26

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 26

Exclamation Mark

• Irritant (skin and eye)
• Skin sensitizer
• Acute toxicity (harmful)
• Narcotic effects
• Respiratory tract irritant
• Hazardous to the ozone layer

Question 27

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 27

Flame

• Flammables
• Pyrophorics
• Self-heating
• Emits flammable gas
• Self-reactives
• Organic peroxides

Question 28

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 28

Corrosion

• Skin corrosion/burns
• Eye damage
• Corrosive to metals

Question 29

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 29

Health Hazard

• Carcinogen
• Mutagenicity
• Respiratory Sensitizer
• Target organ toxicity
• Aspiration toxicity

Question 30

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 30

Flame Over Circle

- Oxidizers

Question 31

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 31

Skull and Crossbones

- Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)

Question 32

What is the name and warnings of the following pictogram:

Answer 32

Environmental (non-mandatory)

- Aquatic Toxicity

Question 33

Describe primary and secondary chemical containers.

Answer 33

Primary - chemicals/reagents shipped in original contains from manufacturer (all six labeling elements)

Secondary - hold chemicals/reagents transferred from primary container

Question 34

What should be considered when storing chemicals?

Answer 34

Temperature, compatibility, location, and ventilation.