c-3

Question 1

• ____ causes the gradual increase of stress-related hormones mainly:
• released from ___ in response to stress.

Safety mechanism:

Answer 1

1. cortisol 2. aldosterone
   - adrenal gland
   - usually employed when BP falls, as in blood loss (when there is a need for more energy (glucose)&raquo_space; emergencies

Question 2

Cortisol allows:
Also increases:

*calcium channel blockers-decrease vasoconstriction

Answer 2

• greater degree of vasoconstriction of blood vessels, vessels become narrower slowly over time. ( CO x incr vascular vasoconstricion=incr BP
• Glucose levels-> incr insulin levels, so cells take in more glucose. If not used converted into lipids, lipids can be deposited in walls of arteries-> narrows arteries=incr BP

Question 3

Aldosterone causes:

** diuretics- incr urine production to decreases blood volume

Answer 3

incr of Na re-aposrption by the kidneys into vascular system. Water follows Na which incr BV= >HR x incr SV x vasocon = incr BP

Question 4

Essential hypertension defined as:

Answer 4

diastolic press > or equal to 90mmhg= damage to heart, damage to blood vessels

Question 5

HBP (hypertension) referred to as:

Why is this bad:

Answer 5

elevated AFTER LOAD- where the ventricles have to generate a greater force to eject blood. This leads to pathological changes in the heart- left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure
-can also damage blood vessel lining->CVA->stroke
or Atherosclerosis- arterial occlusions

Question 6

ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
People with high blood pressure are more likely to develop ____
This leads to:

Answer 6

CAD
extra pressure, damages arteries-> makes more vulnerable to narrowing assoc with atherosclerosis->limits/blocks blood flow;depriving heart of oxygen= MI, Heart failure, sudden death

Question 7

Atherosclerosis:

Answer 7

most serious problem r/t untreated HBP also r/t stroke, renal disease, blinds, amputation

Question 8

BLOOD PRESSURE

Systolic pressure is the:
Diastolic pressure is the:

What is normal resting BP

Answer 8

for each heart beat blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic press

• peak pressure in the arteries, when L ventricle is at maximum contraction
  -minimum pressure in arteries, when L ventricle are filling with blood (complete non contracting)
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