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Question 1

1. What are some examples of industrial chemicals uses?

Answer 1

drugs

• chemicals such as paints and dyes
• chemicals used in industry (e.g. acids and alkalis)
• chemicals used in the home e.g. bleach, toiletries
• agricultural chemicals e.g. fertilisers
• plastics
• metals
• fuels

Question 2

1. Are industrial chemicals likely to present a risk to the environment and/or human health?

Answer 2

• there is inadequate data to judge whether they are likely to present a risk to the environment and/or human health
• as there are so many

Question 3

2. Why do some toxic chemicals cause problems?

Answer 3

• they persist in the environment (are not broken down)
• can be carried over large distances (in waterways/ by animals)
• may accumulate in food and human tissues

Question 4

3. What does PVC stand for?

Answer 4

-polyvinyl chloride

Question 5

3. What is PVC?

Answer 5

-a polymer that contains chlorine as well as carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

4. What is the plasticiser used to modify PVC called? Why is it used?

Answer 6

PBC is used for electrical wiring to make it more heat and fire resistant

Question 7

4. What effects can this plasticizer have?

Answer 7

The plasticizer can leach out from the plastic into the surroundings where they may have harmful effects, especially if it gets into water sources as it has the same effects as pesticides as it is toxic

Question 8

5. What does LCA stand for?

Answer 8

-Life Cycle Assessment

Question 9

5. What does the Life Cycle Assessment involve the consideration of?

Answer 9

-the use of resources including water, the energy input or output, and the environmental impact, of various stages

Question 10

5. What stages are included in the Life Cycle Assessment?

Answer 10

a. making the material from natural raw materials
b. making the product from the material
c. using the product
d. disposing of the product

Question 11

5. What does the “making the material from natural raw materials” stage of the Life Cycle Assessment contain?

Answer 11

-needs water
-metals need to be mined and extracted from ores= energy= pollution
-raw materials often come from crude oil= crude oil is none renewable (finite)
obtaining/refining crude oil= energy= pollution

Question 12

5. What does the “making the product from the material” stage of the Life Cycle Assessment contain?

Answer 12

-manufacturing= energy= pollution (manufacturing=pollution)
-disposal of waste (recycled or pollutes environment)
What does the “using the product” stage of the Life Cycle Assessment contain?
-paint= toxic fumes
-burning fuels= greenhouse gases/pollutants
-fertilisers= leach into streams= damage ecosystems

Question 13

5. What does the “disposing of the product” stage of the Life Cycle Assessment contain?

Answer 13

• landfill=takes up space/pollutes land

- incinerated= air pollution