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Question 1

1. How do geologists explain most of the past history of the surface of the Earth?

Answer 1

in terms of processes than can be observed today

Question 2

2. What does the movement of tectonic plates mean for parts of ancient continents that now make up Britain?

Answer 2

-it means that they have moved over the surface of the Earth

Question 3

3. How do geologists track the very slow movement of the continents over the surface of the Earth?

Answer 3

-they use magnetic clues in rocks

Question 4

3. What are the magnetic clues in rocks that help do geologists track the very slow movement of the continents over the surface of the Earth?

Answer 4

-tectonic plates move away from each other
-exposed mantle solidifies to make a new crust
-new crust is magnetised
-every half a million years the Earth’s magnetic field swaps direction
=rocks have normal or reversed polarity
-pattern of normal and reversed polarised rocks can be used to estimate age of earths crist/ track movement of tectonic plates

Question 5

4. Why have different rocks in Britain formed in different climates?

Answer 5

-due to the movements of continents that formed Britain

Question 6

5. What processes led to the formation of valuable resources found in England?

Answer 6

-mountain building, erosion, sedimentation, dissolving and evaporation

Question 7

5. What are examples of valuable resources found in England?

Answer 7

-coal, limestone and salt

Question 8

6. What different features of sedimentary rocks do geologists study to find evidence of the conditions under which they were formed? What does this tell them?

Answer 8

1. fossils- tell you about age of rock/ conditions under which it was formed
2. shapes of water borne grains compared to air blown grains- tells you if it was formed underwater or on the surface
3. presence of shell fragments- tells you it came from underwater
4. ripples from sea or river bottom- tells you it came from underwater

Question 9

7. Where do chemical industries grow up?

Answer 9

-where resources are available locally

Question 10

7. What is an example of local resources where chemical industries grow up?

Answer 10

-e.g. salt, limestone and coal in North West England.