C

Question 1

Personal disposition so dominating that it cannot be hidden. Most people do not have this

Answer 1

Cardinal disposition

Question 2

A commitment to take care of the people and things that one has learned to care for

Answer 2

Care (erikson)

Question 3

Condition that accompanies the Oedipus complex

Answer 3

Castration complex (freud)

Question 4

Fear of having one’s penis removed

Answer 4

Castration anxiety (freud)

Question 5

Desire to have a penis

Answer 5

Penis envy (freud)

Question 6

The process of removing or lessening psychological disorders by talking about one’s problems.

Answer 6

Catharsis

Question 7

An explanation of behavior in terms of past experiences

Answer 7

Causality

Question 8

The 5 to 10 personal trait around which a person’s life focuses

Answer 8

Central dispositions (allport)

Question 9

An unintended meeting around which a persons unfamiliar to each other

Answer 9

Chance encounter (bandura)

Question 10

Relatively permanent acquired qualities through which people relate themselves to others and to the world

Answer 10

Character (fromm)

Question 11

Productive or nonproductive patterns of reacting to the world of things and the world of people

Answer 11

Character orientation (fromm)

Question 12

Unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, intelligence, and other aptitudes

Answer 12

Characteristic

Question 13

Acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment

Answer 13

Characteristic adaptations (McCrae and Costa)

Question 14

Assumption that people choose the alternative in a dichotomized construct that they perceive will extend their range of future choices

Answer 14

Choice corollary (kelly)

Question 15

Learning by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response

Answer 15

Classical conditioning

Question 16

Approach to psychotherapy originates by rogers, which is based on respect for the person’s capacity to grow within a nurturing climate

Answer 16

Client - centered therapy

Question 17

Mischel’s theory that views people as active, goal-directed individuals capable of exerting influence on both their situation and themselves

Answer 17

Cognitive - affective personality theory

Question 18

Needs for knowledge and understanding; related to basic or conative needs, yet operating on a different dimension

Answer 18

Cognitive needs (maslow)

Question 19

The confidence people have that their combined efforts will produce social change

Answer 19

collective efficacy (bandura)

Question 20

Jung’s idea of an inherited unconscious, which is responsible for many of our behaviors, ideas, and dream images. This lies beyond our personal experiences and originates with repeated experiences of our ancestors

Answer 20

collective unconscious

Question 21

Kelly’s theory that personal constructs of people with similar experiences tend to be similar

Answer 21

commonality corollary

Question 22

People’s cognitive and behavioral construction of what they can and cannot do, based on their observations of the world, themselves, and others

Answer 22

competencies (mischel)

Question 23

an emotionally toned conglomeration of ideas that comprise the contents of the personal unconscious.

Answer 23

complex (Jung)

Question 24

needs that pertain to willful and purposive striving

Answer 24

conative needs

Question 25

environmental event that is not by nature satisfying but becomes so because it is associated with unlearned or unconditioned reinforcers such as food, sex, and the like

Answer 25

conditioned reinforcer (skinner)

Question 26

restrictions or qualifications attached to one person’s regard for another

Answer 26

conditions of worth (rogers)

Question 27

means of escaping from isolation and aloneness by giving up one’s self and becoming whatever others desire

Answer 27

conformity (fromm)

Question 28

the matching of organismic experiences with awareness and with the ability to express those experiences. One of the three “necessary and sufficient” therapeutic conditions

Answer 28

congruence (rogers)

Question 29

the part of the superego that results from experience with punishment and that, therefore, tells a person what is wrong or improper conduct

Answer 29

conscience (freud)

Question 30

those mental elements in awareness at any given time

Answer 30

conscious (freud)

Question 31

mental images that are sense by the ego and that play a relatively minor role in Jungian theory

Answer 31

conscious (jung)

Question 32

mischel’s term for the observation that clinical intuition and the perceptions of laypeople suggest that behavior is consistent, whereas research finds that it is not

Answer 32

consistent paradox

Question 33

safeguarding tendency in which people create a barrier to their own success, thus allowing them to protect their self-esteem by either using the barrier as an excuse for failure or by overcoming it

Answer 33

constructing obstacles (adler)

Question 34

kelly’s assumption that people anticipate events according to their interpretations of recurrent themes

Answer 34

construction corollary

Question 35

kelly’s view that events can be looked at (construed) from a different (alternative) perspective

Answer 35

constructive alternativism

Question 36

the reinforcement of an organism for every correct trial; opposed to the intermittent schedule in which only certain selected responses are reinforced

Answer 36

continuous schedule (skinner)

Question 37

a psychosocial disorder at any of the eight stages of development that results from too little basic strength

Answer 37

core pathology (erikson)

Question 38

people’s construction of who they really are; their sense of identity that provides a guide for living

Answer 38

core role (kelly)

Question 39

a mathematical index used to measure the direction and magnitude of the relationship between two variables

Answer 39

correlation coefficient

Question 40

the realm of philosophy dealing with the nature of causation

Answer 40

cosmology

Question 41

strong, undeserved feelings that the therapist develops toward the patient during the course of treatment. These feelings can be either positive or negative and are considered by most writers to be a hindrance to successful psychotherapy

Answer 41

countertransference

Question 42

adler’s term for what he believed to be an inner freedom that empowers each of us to create our own style of life

Answer 42

creative power