Buzz Words Phase 0

Question 1

22nd amino acid

Answer 1

Pyrrolysine

Restricted only in some methanogenic archae and bacteria

Question 2

Sulfur containing AA

Answer 2

Cysteine, methionine

Question 3

Most basic AA

Answer 3

Arginine

Question 4

Most acidic AA

Answer 4

Aspartic acid

Question 5

First discovered hormone

Answer 5

Secretin

Question 6

Hemoglobin C

Answer 6

Glutamate —> lysine at the 6th poistion of the beta globin

Question 7

Defective step of collagen synthesis in Menkes disease

Answer 7

Cross-linking step

Dysfunction in copper-requiring LYSYL OXIDASE

Question 8

Most common form of EDS

Answer 8

Hypermobility EDS

Question 9

Most serious form of EDS

Answer 9

Vascular EDS

Question 10

Mots common type of collagen affected in EDS

Answer 10

Type III collagen

Question 11

Defective type VII collagen

Answer 11

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB)

Question 12

Triad of marfan syndrome

Answer 12

Skeletal changes
Aortic dilatation
Dislocatiotn of lens (upward and outward)
*vs homocystinuria’s downward and inward dislocaiton

Question 13

Tissues which use glucose as its main metabolic fuel

Answer 13

Brain
Renal medulla
Cornea
Retina
Testis
RBCs

Question 14

Major constituent of starch

Answer 14

Amylopectin (80%)

Question 15

Common non-reducing sugars

Answer 15

Succrose

Trehalose

Question 16

2nd epimer of glucose

Answer 16

Mannose

Question 17

3rd epimer of glucose

Answer 17

Allose

Question 18

4th epimer of glucose

Answer 18

Galactose

Question 19

Most stable conformation of glucose

Answer 19

Chair conformation

Question 20

Important for the development of fetal brain and retina

Answer 20

Cervonic acd
Docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA)

Question 21

Bases

Answer 21

Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

Question 22

Uracil vs thymine

Answer 22

Thymine is a methylated uracil

Question 23

Bond between nitrogenous base and pentose sugar

Answer 23

N-glycosidic linkage

Question 24

Bond between pentose sugar and phosphoryl group

Answer 24

Ester bond

Question 25

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides that are joined by this bond

Answer 25

3’5’ phosphodiester bond

Question 26

Sequenc of writing bases of a DNA

Answer 26

5’ to 3’

Question 27

Determinant of the melting point of DNA

Answer 27

Number of GC bonds

Question 28

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 28

States that the number of purines = number of pyrimidines

Question 29

Left handed DNA

Answer 29

Z DNA

Question 30

Most common form of DNA physiologically

Answer 30

B DNA | Well-hydrated and with low salt concentration

Question 31

Type of DNA found in low humidity and high salt concentratiotn

Answer 31

A-DNA

Question 32

Type of DNA mostly seen in 5’ end of chromosomes

Answer 32

Z DNA

Question 33

Most abundant chromatin protein

Answer 33

Histone

Question 34

Histone seen in the linkerk region

Answer 34

H1

Question 35

Composition of the histone octomer

Answer 35

(Core histones) | Pairs of H2A, H2B, H3,H4

Question 36

Source of negative charge of DNA

Answer 36

Phosphate groups

Question 37

Source of positive charge of histones

Answer 37

Lysine (H3,H4) | Arginine (H2A,H2B)

Question 38

Represents the beads on a string appearance on microscopy

Answer 38

10-nm chromatin fibril

Question 39

DNA is wrapped by around the histone occtomer by

Answer 39

1.75 timex

Question 40

Highly condensed chromatin

Answer 40

Heterochromatin | Transcriptionally inactive

Question 41

Less condensed chromatin

Answer 41

Euchromatin | Transcriptionally active

Question 42

Most heterogenouse RNA

Answer 42

MRNA

Question 43

Most abundant RNA

Answer 43

RRNA

Question 44

RNA responsible for gene expression regulation

Answer 44

``` SnRNA MIRNA SIRNA* INCRNA *small interfering/short interfering/silencing RNA ```