Buzz words: Haemotology

Question 1

Tired, SOB, conjunctival pallor
Tachycardia + flow murmur
Coeliac/Crohn’s/GI bleed/menorrhagia

Answer 1

Anaemia

Question 2

Microcytic anaemia
2α = trait, 3α = HbH disease
2β = transfusion dependent
Desferioxamine for chelation
Hepatosplenomegaly, jaw protrusion, big
forehead, “hair on end” XR

Answer 2

Thallasaemia

Question 3

Coeliac/alcohol/hypothyroid/drugs
Pernicious anaemia
Anti-IF/anti-parietal cells
Macrocytic anaemia
Schilling test
Mac. Anaemia + neuro signs = phenytoin
toxicity

Answer 3

B12/Folate Deficiency

Question 4

Hypersegmented neutrophils +

erythroblasts

Answer 4

Megaloblastic Anaemia

Question 5

Jaundice + anaemia

Answer 5

Haemolytic Anaemia

Question 6

African/Afro-caribbean

Symptoms at altitude/hypoxia

Answer 6

Sickle Cell

Question 7

Osmotic fragility test +ve
Spherocytes on film
Splenomegaly

Answer 7

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Question 8

X-linked recessive
Moth balls/fava beans/nitrofurantoin/antimalarials,
infection = triggers
Heinz bodies

Answer 8

G6PD Deficiency

Question 9

Coomb’s test/DAT
Cold-activated = mycoplasma
Warm-activated = CML/lymphoma/SLE

Answer 9

Autoimmune Haemolytic

Question 10

Donalth-Landsteiner Test

Answer 10

Paroxysmal cold

haemoglobinuria

Question 11

Paroxysmal Nocturnal

haemoglobinuria

Answer 11

Ham’s test

Question 12

E-coli –> blood cell haemolysis

Answer 12

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

Question 13

Clots, low platelets, rash

Answer 13

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Question 14

Septic/post-natal/vascular insult

Low fibrinogen + clots

Answer 14

DIC

Question 15

Chronic disease/liver disease

Blood loss

Answer 15

Normocytic Anaemia

Question 16

Rheumatoid arthritis
Cancer
Chronic inflammation

Answer 16

Anaemia of Chronic Disease

Question 17

Pancytopenia
Hypocellular BM
Absent reticulocytes

Answer 17

Aplastic Anaemia

Question 18

Uncontrolled RBC proliferation
Headaches, dizziness and stroke
Lots of mast cells à pruritis after hot
showers
Gout, splenomegaly, plethora

Answer 18

Polycythaemia Rubra Vera

Question 19

Excessive RBC production due to other

disease (COPD/EPO-secreting tumour)

Answer 19

Secondary Polycythaemia

Question 20

Randomly high RBCs, risk of AML

Answer 20

Idiopathic Erythrocytosis

Question 21

Platelets >600, hypercoagulable

Nosebleeds, GI/hum bleeding

Answer 21

Essential Thrombocytaemia

Question 22

Menorrhagia + nosebleeds + purpura

Answer 22

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Question 23

Children, lymphadenopathy

↑infections, anaemia, BLAST cells

Answer 23

ALL

Question 24

Adults, RARA-PML protein
AUER RODS
Sudan Black

Answer 24

AML

Question 25

Treat with vitamin A

Answer 25

APML

Question 26

Incidental finding, ↑WCC | SMEAR cells

Answer 26

CLL

Question 27

25-40 years, Blast cells PHILADELPHIA chromosome Imatinib

Answer 27

CML

Question 28

``` Continuous spread, painful after EtOH Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, Infection, bleeding, anaemia ABVD chemotherapy REED-STERNBERG/OWL cells ```

Answer 28

Hogkin’s Lymphoma

Question 29

Non-continuous spread Burkitt’s --> mass on jaw, black pt RCHOP chemo

Answer 29

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 30

Plasma cell, lack of AB production, | pathological fractures + backache

Answer 30

Myeloma

Question 31

A: factor 8, B: factor 9 | X-linked (males only)

Answer 31

Haemophilia

Question 32

Excessive bleeding | Loss of VWF

Answer 32

Von Willebrand Disease

Question 33

Liver disease | Pancreatic insufficiency

Answer 33

Vitamin K Deficiency

Question 34

5% Caucasians | DVT

Answer 34

Factor V Leiden

Question 35

4x increased clot risk

Answer 35

Blood Group O

Question 36

GLPIb deficiency | Bleeding gums, epistaxis, menorrhagia

Answer 36

Bernard Soulier Syndrome

Question 37

GLPIIb/IIIa deficiency | Bleeding gums, epistaxis, menorrhagia

Answer 37

Glanzmann’s Thrombaesthenia

Question 38

Multiple miscarriage | Arterial and venous thrombosis

Answer 38

Antiphospholipid Syndrome