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Year 3 Medicine > Buzz words: Cardiology > Flashcards

Buzz words: Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q 
Anacrotic pulse
Breathlessness, syncope
Angina on exertion
Narrow pulse pressure, ejection systolic,
radiating to carotids
A

Aortic stenosis

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2
Q 
Pink frothy sputum
Graham Steell murmur
Post-MI
Displaced, volume overloaded apex beat
Pansystolic radiating to axilla
A

Mitral Regurgitation

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3
Q

Barlow syndrome

Mid-systolic click, late systolic murmur

A

Mitral Prolapse

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4
Q 
Pulsating uvula, decrescendo diastolic
IVDU
Collapsing pulse: de Musset’s, Duroziez,
Watson hammer pulse, Corrigan’s pulse,
Quinky’s sign, Traube’s sign
Displaced, volume-overloaded apex beat
Early diastolic, heard in expiration and the
lower sternal edge
A

Aortic Regurgitation

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5
Q

Large V waves in JVP
Pansystolic murmur at lower left sternal
edge

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

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6
Q

Tapping apex beat
Loud first heart sound
Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur loudest at
apex

A

Mitral Stenosis

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7
Q

Muffled heart sounds

Lupus/malignancy

A

Pericardial Effusion

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8
Q

Positive valsalva manoeuvre + βB

Harsh ejection systolic murmur

A

HOCUM

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9
Q

Machine-like murmur
Bounding pulse, wide pulse pressure
Left subclavicular thrill

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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10
Q

Dyspnoea, orthopnoea, PND
Fine inspiratory creps
↑BNP, (do stress echo if prev. MI)
Gold standard: transoesophageal echo
Cardiomegaly, bilateral pleural effusions,
alveolar oedema, kerley B lines and upper
lobe diversion

A

Heart Failure

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11
Q 
IVDU
Tricuspid murmur
Petechiae, microvascular haematuria
Janeway lesions, splinter haemorrhages
Modified Duke Criteria
A

Infective Endocarditis

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12
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse
Absent P waves, absent A in JVP
Chaotic excitation
Old, palpitations, SOB, fatigue, syncope

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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13
Q

Narrow complex tachycardia
Look for 150bpm (ventricular) with a 2:1
block (atrial rate = 250-350bpm)
Saw-tooth appearance on ECG

A

Atrial Flutter

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14
Q

Broad complex

Previous MI

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

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15
Q

Pulseless, required cardioversion

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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16
Q

Delta wave

A

Wolff-Parkinson White

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17
Q

Broad QRS
Uniform P waves with random QRS
Cannon A waves in JVP

A

Complete Heart Block

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18
Q

Collapse when running
Tearing pain to back
Connective tissue disorder

A

Dissected Aortic Aneurysm

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19
Q

Friction rub – walking on snow

A

Pericarditis
Male, post-MI
Worse lying down

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20
Q

Central, crushing chest pain
Radiating to jaw/left arm
MONA LISA

A

Myocardial Infarction

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21
Q

Sharp, pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
OCP/long haul travel
Wells scoring system

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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22
Q

Anxiety, hypertension, weight loss

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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23
Q

Interscapular murmur
Decreased femoral pulses
Turner’s syndrome

A

Aortic Coarctation

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24
Q

HTN, polymyalgia, polyuria, polydipsia
↑Na, ↓K, normal renal function
↑ aldosterone, ↓ renin

A

Conn’s Syndrome

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25
Q

ANCA positive, histology diagnosis

Microaneurysms and MI

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

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26
Q 
ST depression and T wave inversion upon
exertion
Normal resting ECG
Exertional chest pain, radiating to jaw
Other CV risk factors e.g. smoking, fat
A

Stable Angina

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27
Q

Episodic, Gets worse, lasts longer

A

Unstable Angina

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28
Q

ST elevation, at rest, in cycles
Female, age 50
Vasospasmic, give CaCB

A

Prinzmetal/Variant Angina

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29
Q

ST depression on ECG, normal angiogram

Treat with nifedipine

A

Syndrome X

30
Q

Occurs when lying down

A

Decubitus Angina

31
Q

Occurs when lying down

A

Decubitus Angina

32
Q

Severe, intermittent attacks in lower chest
Coxsackie B virus, fevers
Worse by rib cage movements, dyspnoea

A

Borneholme Disease

33
Q

Pleuritic chest pain, low-grade fever and

pericarditis, few weeks post-MI

A

Dressler’s Syndrome

34
Q

RHF, pulmonary hypertension

Large A waves in JVP

A

Cor Pulmonale

35
Q 
Pulmonary hypertension, HF, shunt
reversal
Harsh pansystolic murmur at left sternal
edge
Left parasternal heave
Increased risk endocarditis
A

Ventricular Septal Defect

36
Q

Wide, fixed split second heart sound
Ejection systolic murmur in 2nd/3rd IC
space

A

Atrial Septal Defect

37
Q

Anterior (Lead and artery)

A

V1-V4

Left Anterior Descending

38
Q

Inferior (lead and artery)

A

II, III & aVF

Right Coronary

39
Q

Lateral

A

I, V5-6

Circumflex

40
Q

Lateral

A

I, V5-6

Circumflex

41
Q

Raised & fixed JVP

A

SVC Obstruction

42
Q

Increased JVP on inspiration

A

cardiac tamponade/constrictive pericarditis

43
Q

Large V waves (JVP)

A

tricuspid regurgitation

44
Q

Absent A waves (JVP)

A

atrial fibrillation

45
Q

Cannon A waves (JVP) (3)

A

Heart block, AV dissociation, ventricular arrhythmia

46
Q

saw tooth pattern (ECG)

A

atrial flutter

47
Q

ECG: Absent P wave

A

atrial fibrillation (also irregularly irregular rhythm)

48
Q

ECG: bifid P wave

A

LA hypertrophy (eg- mitral stenosis)

49
Q

ECG: Peaked P wave

A

RA hypertrophy (eg- pulmonary HTN, tricuspid stenosis)

50
Q

ECG: Saddle Shaped ST elevation

A

Acute constrictive pericarditis

51
Q

PE ECG

A

Sinus tachy
Atrial fib
RAD and RBBB
SI, QIII, TIII

52
Q

ECG: SI, QIII, TIII

A

PE

53
Q 
ECG: Tall tented T waves
Wide QRS (sine wave)
A

Hyperkalaemia

54
Q

ECG: Flattened T waves

Prominent U waves

A

Hypokalaemia

55
Q

Long QT interval

A

Hypocalcaemia

56
Q

Long QT interval

A

Hypocalcaemia

57
Q 
SOB on exertion
“Winter bronchitis”
Wheeze
Chronic productive cough
Inv: post-bronchodilator Spirometry
A

COPD

58
Q

Inv: post-bronchodilator Spirometry

A

COPD

59
Q 
Fever
Chronic Cough
Weight loss
Asian
Lowenstein Jensen Medium
Red Ziehl-Nelson Stain
“Acid fast bacilli”
RIPE treatment
A

TB

60
Q

Lowenstein Jensen Medium

A

TB

61
Q

Red Ziehl-Nelson Stain

A

TB

62
Q

“Acid fast bacilli”

A

TB

63
Q

SE: orange tears

A

Rifampicin

64
Q

SE: peripheral neuropathy

A

Isoniazid

65
Q

SE: Red-green colour blind

A

Ethambutol

66
Q 
Steatorrhoea, diabetes
Clubbing, Signet rings
Recurrent Infections
Bronchiectasis
Sodium >60mmol
A

Cystic Fibrosis

67
Q

Shipyard/power station worker
End-inspiratory crackles
Non-productive cough
Pleural effusion

A

Mesothelioma

68
Q

Mouldy hay

A

Farmer’s lung (EAA)

69
Q

Parakeets/Pigeons

A

Bird fanciers lung (EAA)

70
Q

MI

Brady cardia

A

Inferior MI

71
Q

Syncope, angina, dyspnoea

A

SAD triad of aortic stenosis

Year 3 Medicine (17 decks)

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