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Year 3 Medicine > Buzz words: Cardiology > Flashcards

Buzz words: Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q 
Anacrotic pulse
Breathlessness, syncope
Angina on exertion
Narrow pulse pressure, ejection systolic,
radiating to carotids
A

Aortic stenosis

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2
Q 
Pink frothy sputum
Graham Steell murmur
Post-MI
Displaced, volume overloaded apex beat
Pansystolic radiating to axilla
A

Mitral Regurgitation

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3
Q

Barlow syndrome

Mid-systolic click, late systolic murmur

A

Mitral Prolapse

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4
Q 
Pulsating uvula, decrescendo diastolic
IVDU
Collapsing pulse: de Musset’s, Duroziez,
Watson hammer pulse, Corrigan’s pulse,
Quinky’s sign, Traube’s sign
Displaced, volume-overloaded apex beat
Early diastolic, heard in expiration and the
lower sternal edge
A

Aortic Regurgitation

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5
Q

Large V waves in JVP
Pansystolic murmur at lower left sternal
edge

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

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6
Q

Tapping apex beat
Loud first heart sound
Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur loudest at
apex

A

Mitral Stenosis

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7
Q

Muffled heart sounds

Lupus/malignancy

A

Pericardial Effusion

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8
Q

Positive valsalva manoeuvre + βB

Harsh ejection systolic murmur

A

HOCUM

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9
Q

Machine-like murmur
Bounding pulse, wide pulse pressure
Left subclavicular thrill

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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10
Q

Dyspnoea, orthopnoea, PND
Fine inspiratory creps
↑BNP, (do stress echo if prev. MI)
Gold standard: transoesophageal echo
Cardiomegaly, bilateral pleural effusions,
alveolar oedema, kerley B lines and upper
lobe diversion

A

Heart Failure

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11
Q 
IVDU
Tricuspid murmur
Petechiae, microvascular haematuria
Janeway lesions, splinter haemorrhages
Modified Duke Criteria
A

Infective Endocarditis

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12
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse
Absent P waves, absent A in JVP
Chaotic excitation
Old, palpitations, SOB, fatigue, syncope

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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13
Q

Narrow complex tachycardia
Look for 150bpm (ventricular) with a 2:1
block (atrial rate = 250-350bpm)
Saw-tooth appearance on ECG

A

Atrial Flutter

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14
Q

Broad complex

Previous MI

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

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15
Q

Pulseless, required cardioversion

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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16
Q

Delta wave

A

Wolff-Parkinson White

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17
Q

Broad QRS
Uniform P waves with random QRS
Cannon A waves in JVP

A

Complete Heart Block

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18
Q

Collapse when running
Tearing pain to back
Connective tissue disorder

A

Dissected Aortic Aneurysm

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19
Q

Friction rub – walking on snow

A

Pericarditis
Male, post-MI
Worse lying down

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20
Q

Central, crushing chest pain
Radiating to jaw/left arm
MONA LISA

A

Myocardial Infarction

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21
Q

Sharp, pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
OCP/long haul travel
Wells scoring system

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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22
Q

Anxiety, hypertension, weight loss

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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23
Q

Interscapular murmur
Decreased femoral pulses
Turner’s syndrome

A

Aortic Coarctation

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24
Q

HTN, polymyalgia, polyuria, polydipsia
↑Na, ↓K, normal renal function
↑ aldosterone, ↓ renin

A

Conn’s Syndrome

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25
ANCA positive, histology diagnosis | Microaneurysms and MI
Polyarteritis Nodosa
26
``` ST depression and T wave inversion upon exertion Normal resting ECG Exertional chest pain, radiating to jaw Other CV risk factors e.g. smoking, fat ```
Stable Angina
27
Episodic, Gets worse, lasts longer
Unstable Angina
28
ST elevation, at rest, in cycles Female, age 50 Vasospasmic, give CaCB
Prinzmetal/Variant Angina
29
ST depression on ECG, normal angiogram | Treat with nifedipine
Syndrome X
30
Occurs when lying down
Decubitus Angina
31
Occurs when lying down
Decubitus Angina
32
Severe, intermittent attacks in lower chest Coxsackie B virus, fevers Worse by rib cage movements, dyspnoea
Borneholme Disease
33
Pleuritic chest pain, low-grade fever and | pericarditis, few weeks post-MI
Dressler’s Syndrome
34
RHF, pulmonary hypertension | Large A waves in JVP
Cor Pulmonale
35
``` Pulmonary hypertension, HF, shunt reversal Harsh pansystolic murmur at left sternal edge Left parasternal heave Increased risk endocarditis ```
Ventricular Septal Defect
36
Wide, fixed split second heart sound Ejection systolic murmur in 2nd/3rd IC space
Atrial Septal Defect
37
Anterior (Lead and artery)
V1-V4 | Left Anterior Descending
38
Inferior (lead and artery)
II, III & aVF | Right Coronary
39
Lateral
I, V5-6 | Circumflex
40
Lateral
I, V5-6 | Circumflex
41
Raised & fixed JVP
SVC Obstruction
42
Increased JVP on inspiration
cardiac tamponade/constrictive pericarditis
43
Large V waves (JVP)
tricuspid regurgitation
44
Absent A waves (JVP)
atrial fibrillation
45
Cannon A waves (JVP) (3)
Heart block, AV dissociation, ventricular arrhythmia
46
saw tooth pattern (ECG)
atrial flutter
47
ECG: Absent P wave
atrial fibrillation (also irregularly irregular rhythm)
48
ECG: bifid P wave
LA hypertrophy (eg- mitral stenosis)
49
ECG: Peaked P wave
RA hypertrophy (eg- pulmonary HTN, tricuspid stenosis)
50
ECG: Saddle Shaped ST elevation
Acute constrictive pericarditis
51
PE ECG
Sinus tachy Atrial fib RAD and RBBB SI, QIII, TIII
52
ECG: SI, QIII, TIII
PE
53
``` ECG: Tall tented T waves Wide QRS (sine wave) ```
Hyperkalaemia
54
ECG: Flattened T waves | Prominent U waves
Hypokalaemia
55
Long QT interval
Hypocalcaemia
56
Long QT interval
Hypocalcaemia
57
``` SOB on exertion “Winter bronchitis” Wheeze Chronic productive cough Inv: post-bronchodilator Spirometry ```
COPD
58
Inv: post-bronchodilator Spirometry
COPD
59
``` Fever Chronic Cough Weight loss Asian Lowenstein Jensen Medium Red Ziehl-Nelson Stain “Acid fast bacilli” RIPE treatment ```
TB
60
Lowenstein Jensen Medium
TB
61
Red Ziehl-Nelson Stain
TB
62
“Acid fast bacilli”
TB
63
SE: orange tears
Rifampicin
64
SE: peripheral neuropathy
Isoniazid
65
SE: Red-green colour blind
Ethambutol
66
``` Steatorrhoea, diabetes Clubbing, Signet rings Recurrent Infections Bronchiectasis Sodium >60mmol ```
Cystic Fibrosis
67
Shipyard/power station worker End-inspiratory crackles Non-productive cough Pleural effusion
Mesothelioma
68
Mouldy hay
Farmer's lung (EAA)
69
Parakeets/Pigeons
Bird fanciers lung (EAA)
70
MI | Brady cardia
Inferior MI
71
Syncope, angina, dyspnoea
SAD triad of aortic stenosis

Year 3 Medicine (17 decks)

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