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USMLE Step 1 - Buzz Words > Buzz Words 2 > Flashcards

Buzz Words 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Congenital Disease: deletion in chromosome 22

A

Di George

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2
Q

Congenital Disease: Translocation of Chromosome 21

Give 4

A
  • ALL
  • AML
  • CML
  • Down
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3
Q

Congenital Disease: Trisomy of Chromosome 13

A

Patau

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4
Q

Congenital Disease: Trisomy of Chromosome 18

A

Edwards

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5
Q

Congenital Disease: Trisomy of X Chromosome

A

Triple X Syndrome
Kleinfelter
Think learning disability

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6
Q

Microbio Tests: CAMP Test

A

GBS

GBS vs GAS

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7
Q

Microbio Tests: ELEK Test

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Identify toxin producing strains

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8
Q

Microbio Tests: Germ Tube Test

A

Candida

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9
Q

Microbio Tests: Weil-Felix Test

A

Ricketssia

Proteu vulgaris

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10
Q

Microbio Tests: Monospot

A

EBV

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11
Q

Microbio Tests: VDRL (Lecitihin/Cardiolipin)

A

Syphilis/ Treponemal

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12
Q

Stains: Congo Red

A

Amyloidosis
Multiple Myeloma - Bone Marrow
Alzheimer - Brain

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13
Q

Stains: Cytokeratin

A

Alcoholic Hepatitis
Detects Mallory Bodies
Stain intermediate filaments

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14
Q

Stains: PAS

Give 4

A 
Gaucher
Niemann-Pick
Alpha-1 ANtutrypsin
Whipple Disease
Stains glycogen, glycoprotein and BMs
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15
Q

Stains: Prussian Blue

A

Hemochromatosis

Stains iron deposition

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16
Q

Stains: Trichrome

A

Fibrosis and cirrhosis

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17
Q

Stains: Ziehl-Neelsen

A

Acid Fast Bacilli

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18
Q

Antibodies to Centromeres

A

CREST

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19
Q

Antibodies to GP210

A

Biliary Cirrhosis

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20
Q

Antibodies to SSA ribonucleoprotein (RBP)

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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21
Q

Antibodies to SM

A

SLE

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22
Q

Antibodies to DNA topoisomerase (anti SCL 70)

A

Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis

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23
Q

Antihistone

A

Drug-induced SLE

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24
Q

Patho: Elongated azurophilic Needles with myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods

AML

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25
Q

Patho: epitheloid macrophages with granulomas in thyroid

A

De Quervain

Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis

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26
Q

Patho: Laminated, concentric, calcific spherules in thyroid

A

pasmomma boidees of Papillary CA

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27
Q

Patho: Spindle cells and giant cell differentiation in thyroid

A

Anaplastic CA

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28
Q

Patho: Uniform cells forming small follicles containing colloid in thyroid

A

Follicular CA

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29
Q

3p

Chromosome Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

Von Hippel Lindau Gene

HIF-1a - Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 alpha

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30
Q

5q

Chromosome Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

APC

FAP

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31
Q

13q

Chromosome Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

Rb

Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma

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32
Q

17q

Chromosome Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

NF1

Cafe Au lait spots, ASTROCYTOMAS

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33
Q

22q

Chromosome Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

NF 2

Meningioma, Optic Glioma, BILATERAL SCHWANNOMAS

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34
Q

Microbio Test: cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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35
Q

Microbio Test: Silver Staining

A

Legionella

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36
Q

Microbio Test: Quellung Reaction

A

Strep pneumoniae

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37
Q

Microbio Test: Requirement for Cysteine

A

ELLAS

Francisella, Legionella, Brucella, Pasteurella

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38
Q

Microbio Test: Requirement for Factor X and V

A

H influenzae

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39
Q

What causes atypical pneumonia? (3)

A

Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella

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40
Q

Indomethacin will _____ the PDA

A

CLOSE

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41
Q

Alprostadil will _______ the PDA

A

OPEN

42
Q

CREST

A 
Calcinosis
Reynaud's 
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
43
Q

Arthritis that is (-) Rheumatoid Factor

A

HLA-B27

44
Q

What does Reiter SYndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis have in common?

A

HLA-B27

45
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Mother is positive for ______ Coombs

A

Indirect

46
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Baby is positive for ________ Coombs

A

Direct

47
Q

Jaundice, kernicterus

where in brain?

A

basal ganglia

thalamus, cerebellum, cerebral gray matter, spinal cord

48
Q

ChemoTx: Inhibits DNA polymerase; pyrimidine analog

A

Cytarabine

49
Q

ChemoTx: DNA strand breaks; iron forming ROS

A

Bleomycin

50
Q

ChemoTx: Pulmonary fibrosis ADR

A

Bleomycin

51
Q

ChemoTx: DNA strand breaks; inserts in between DNA bases

A

Doxorubicin

52
Q

ChemoTx: Topoisomerase inhibitor

A

Etoposide

53
Q

ChemoTx: Inhibits mitosis by binding to tubulin’ preventing degradation of microtubules

A

Paclitaxel

54
Q

ChemoTx: Alopecia and BM Suppression ADR

A

Paclitaxel

55
Q

Wilson Disease Chellator

A

Penicillamine

56
Q

MOA of LACTULOSE IN hEPATIC eNCEPHALOPATHY

A

aCIDIFICATION OF INTESTINAL CONTENTS

57
Q

Oncogenes: MYCC

A

Burkitt Lymphome

58
Q

Oncogenes: MYCL

A

Small cell carcinoma

59
Q

Oncogenes: MYCN

A

Neuroblastoma

60
Q

Oncogenes: RET

A

MEN 2A / 2B

61
Q

Oncogenes: WT1

A

Wilm’s Tumor

62
Q

Pediatric palpable abdominal mass that crosses midline

A

Neuroblastoma

63
Q

Pediatric palpabale abdominal mass that does not cross the midline

A

Wilm’s Tumor

64
Q

Where can you find rosettes?

(3) Hint: REMoma

A

Ependymoma
Retinoblastoma
Medulloblastoma

65
Q

WAGR

A

Wilm’s Tumor
Aniridia
Genitourinary malformations
Retardation

66
Q

Innervates interosseus muscles and opponens

A

Lower trunk of the brachial plexus

67
Q

innervates interosseus muscles but not opponens

A

ulnar nerve

68
Q

innervates opponens muscle but not interosseous muscles

A

median nerve (innervates thenar muscles instead)

69
Q

Gm positive branching rods

A

Actinomyces

70
Q

Yellow granular pus from absecces around jaw

A

Actinomyces

Cervicofacial mycetoma

71
Q

Marfanoid habitus + intellectual disability

A

Homocysteinuria

72
Q

Difference between lens subluxation for Marfan’s vs Homocysteinuria

A

Downward: Homocystenuria
Upward: Marfans

73
Q

Marfanoid habitus + pheochromocytoma, or thyroid/parathyroid problesm

A

MEN 2A

74
Q

Increased C-peptide, Increased Insulin

A

Insulinoma

75
Q

Decreased C-peptide, Decreased Insulin

A

DM Type 1

76
Q

No C-peptide, Increased Insulin

A

Insulin Injection

77
Q

Keratin-filled cysts

A

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Mole that can be scraped off

78
Q

Koilocytosis

A

HPV

Warts

79
Q

Nuclear atypia of basal keratinocytes

A

Actinic keratosis

Premalignant SCC

80
Q

Palisaded malignant basal cell

A

Basal Cell CA

grows under the dermis –> pearly grey lesions

81
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding; uniformly enlarged uterus

A

Adenomyosis

Endometrial glandular tissue within the myometrium

82
Q

Greater increase in endometrial gland proliferation as compared to stroma

A

endometrial hyperplasia

83
Q

hyperplastic growth of endometrial glands AND stroma

A

endometrial polyp

84
Q

Na/Cl cotransporter inhibition (in renal tubules)

A

Thiazide diuretic

85
Q

Diuretic that will cause Hypercalcemia

A

Thiazide Diuretic

86
Q

Vaccines that will stimulate MHC Class 1 antigen-processing pathway and can generate CD8 + lymphocytes that kill infected cells

A

Live-attenuated viral vaccines

87
Q

How does FLU vaccine work?

a. Impaired intracellular viral assembly
b. Inhibition of viral genome replication
c. inhibition of viral entry into cells

A

C
Flu vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin antigen of selected strains which will inhibit binding of the hemagglutinin to sialylated receptors on the host cell membrane

88
Q

Turner Syndrome

Genetic Pathophysio?

A

Meiotic nondisjunction

45X

89
Q

Missing SHOX gene

A

Turner Syndrome
REason for short stature
SHOX gene promotes long bone growth

90
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

Genetic Pathophysio?

A

Meiotic nondisjunction

91
Q

Huntington Disease

_ _ _ repeats

A

CAG

92
Q

Fragile X syndrome

_ _ _ repeats

A

CGG

93
Q

Myotonic Dystrophy

_ _ _ repeats

A

CTG

94
Q

______ psychotherapy

A

developing insight into unresolved conflicts in childhood

95
Q

_______ psychotherapy

A

bolstering adaptive psychological defenses to help individuals cope with acute crises or chronic psychiatric illness

96
Q

mid-systolic click

A

mitral valve prolapse

97
Q

shorter s2-to-opening snap interval

A

worsening mitral stenosis

98
Q

murmur that can tell severity of mitral REGURGITATION

A

presence of audible S3

99
Q

Key cell player in formation of abscesses

A

Neutrophils

100
Q

What causes liquefactive necrosis in the lungs/lung abscess?

A

Release of cytotoxic granules by lysosomes

e.g. myeloperoxidases

USMLE Step 1 - Buzz Words (6 decks)

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