BUSI401 CHAPTER 1

Question 1

DBB

Design Phase

In this phase the owner retains an architect (or consulting engineer for infrastructure works) to design and produce bid documents, including construction drawings and technical specifications, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project. For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a written program documenting those needs and then produce a conceptual and/or schematic design. This early design is then developed, and the architect will usually bring in other design professionals including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineers (MEP engineers), a fire protection engineer, structural engineer, sometimes a civil engineer and often a landscape architect to help complete the construction drawings and technical specifications. The finished bid documents are coordinated by the architect and owner for issuance to general contractors during the bid phase. Design fees are typically between 5-10% of the total project cost

Answer 1

DBB

Design Phase

In this phase the owner retains an architect (or consulting engineer for infrastructure works) to design and produce bid documents, including construction drawings and technical specifications, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project. For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a written program documenting those needs and then produce a conceptual and/or schematic design. This early design is then developed, and the architect will usually bring in other design professionals including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineers (MEP engineers), a fire protection engineer, structural engineer, sometimes a civil engineer and often a landscape architect to help complete the construction drawings and technical specifications. The finished bid documents are coordinated by the architect and owner for issuance to general contractors during the bid phase. Design fees are typically between 5-10% of the total project cost

Question 2

The main advantage of DB projects is that ____________ . The owner can then focus on ________ and _________ rather than _____________.

Answer 2

The main advantage of DB projects is that the owner receives the completed project for a defined price – meaning the risk of cost over-runs is lessened. The owner can then focus on the design parameters and scope of work rather than construction management activities.

Question 3

The principal factors that will influence the budget for hard costs are _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 3

The principal factors that will influence the budget for hard costs are labour costs and labour availability, costs for materials such as steel, concrete, and lumber and unforeseen weather and site conditions during construction.

Question 4

DESIGN-BUILD

One may ask: If this approach is so attractive, why is it not more common in commercial building construction?

Here are main reasons: The owner has less control over the quality of the delivered building since the Design-Builder is free to adopt value engineering solutions identified by sub-contractors.

The owner’s architect has little input into the project once the Design-Build contract is awarded.

Shorter-lived building components may be installed.

Answer 4

DESIGN-BUILD

One may ask: If this approach is so attractive, why is it not more common in commercial building construction?

Here are main reasons: The owner has less control over the quality of the delivered building since the Design-Builder is free to adopt value engineering solutions identified by sub-contractors.

The owner’s architect has little input into the project once the Design-Build contract is awarded.

Shorter-lived building components may be installed.

Question 5

Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project. Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build. There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1] The design phase The bidding (or tender) phase The construction phase / Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project. Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build. There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1] The design phase The bidding (or tender) phase The construction phase

Answer 5

Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project. Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build. There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1] The design phase The bidding (or tender) phase The construction phase / Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project. Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build. There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1] The design phase The bidding (or tender) phase The construction phase

Question 6

DBB is the most common approach to commercial design and construction.

Answer 6

DBB is the most common approach to commercial design and construction.

Question 7

Hard costs are sometimes referred to as “bricks and mortar” expenses and cover all items that you can visibly see at the construction site. Examples of these expense items include the following:

General Conditions

Mobilization, demobilization, temporary facilities

Construction facilities: site office and staff, vehicles, communications

Temporary materials and works: formwork and supports,

drainage control, de-watering

Equipment rentals

Rental and development of off-site construction staging areas

Construction Costs

Excavation and construction of the sub-structure, including materials, labour, and mobilization of equipment. Dumping and transportation fees for excavated materials

Construction of the super-structure, including materials, labour, etc. − Installation of mechanical, electrical, safety, and ventilation systems

Installation of interior finishing

Commissioning, testing, and government approval of the building envelope and building systems

Landscaping, surface parking, interior roads and lighting, exterior site grading, and other exterior amenities

Answer 7

Hard costs are sometimes referred to as “bricks and mortar” expenses and cover all items that you can visibly see at the construction site. Examples of these expense items include the following:

General Conditions

Mobilization, demobilization, temporary facilities

Construction facilities: site office and staff, vehicles, communications

Temporary materials and works: formwork and supports,

drainage control, de-watering

Equipment rentals

Rental and development of off-site construction staging areas

Construction Costs

Excavation and construction of the sub-structure, including materials, labour, and mobilization of equipment. Dumping and transportation fees for excavated materials

Construction of the super-structure, including materials, labour, etc. − Installation of mechanical, electrical, safety, and ventilation systems

Installation of interior finishing

Commissioning, testing, and government approval of the building envelope and building systems

Landscaping, surface parking, interior roads and lighting, exterior site grading, and other exterior amenities

Question 8

The estimated total cost of a new building, or the reproduction cost in appraisal terms, includes land cost, hard costs, and soft costs. Where the building project is completed by a developer with the intention of lease-up and/or sale upon completion, there is additional allowance known as developer’s profit.

Developer’s profit is not typically included in budgeted construction costs and is not generally applicable where the owner is developing the building for owner-occupation.

Answer 8

The estimated total cost of a new building, or the reproduction cost in appraisal terms, includes land cost, hard costs, and soft costs. Where the building project is completed by a developer with the intention of lease-up and/or sale upon completion, there is additional allowance known as developer’s profit.

Developer’s profit is not typically included in budgeted construction costs and is not generally applicable where the owner is developing the building for owner-occupation.

Question 9

DESIGN-BUILD // One may ask: If this approach is so attractive, why is it not more common in commercial building construction? Here are main reasons:

The owner has less control over the quality of the delivered building since the Design-Builder is free to adopt value engineering solutions identified by sub-contractors.

The owner’s architect has little input into the project once the Design-Build contract is awarded.

Shorter-lived building components may be installed.

Answer 9

DESIGN-BUILD // One may ask: If this approach is so attractive, why is it not more common in commercial building construction? Here are main reasons:

The owner has less control over the quality of the delivered building since the Design-Builder is free to adopt value engineering solutions identified by sub-contractors.

The owner’s architect has little input into the project once the Design-Build contract is awarded.

Shorter-lived building components may be installed.

Question 10

The main advantage of DB projects is __________– meaning the risk of _____ is lessened. The owner can then focus on the design parameters and scope of work rather than _____________________. In this model, the project risks are largely transferred to the ____________ – especially in a stipulated price contract.

Answer 10

The main advantage of DB projects is that the owner receives the completed project for a defined price – meaning the risk of cost over-runs is lessened. The owner can then focus on the design parameters and scope of work rather than construction management activities. In this model, the project risks are largely transferred to the Design-Builder – especially in a stipulated price contract.

Question 11

Structural drawings include _ _ _ _ _

Answer 11

Structural drawings include: Foundation, superstructure, equipment supports

Question 12

Early in the design process a developer will typically engage an architect to refine the design concept and begin conceptual drawings, also known as __________.

Answer 12

Early in the design process a developer will typically engage an architect to refine the design concept and begin conceptual drawings, also known as RENDERINGS

Question 13

This is a contract between owner and contractor to complete the work required for a pre-determined fixed price or lump sum, regardless of the contractor’s actual cost.

Answer 13

Stipulated Price Contract

Question 14

A Design-Build contract has the design and construction aspects contracted to a single entity known as the ______________________

Answer 14

A Design-Build contract has the design and construction aspects contracted to a single entity known as the design-builder or design-build contractor.

Question 15

Contractor’s profit and overhead may either be specified as a separate item or embedded within hard costs. Contractor’s overhead includes _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 15

Contractor’s profit and overhead may either be specified as a separate item or embedded within hard costs. Contractor’s overhead includes costs for permanent office and staff, equipment, insurance bonding and surety costs, submittals for progress reports, material samples, permits, and so on.

Question 16

In Design-Build, “the contract lies with one person, there is single point responsibility. The contractor engages a design team, which completes the detailed design and then produces the construction information. Since the contractor manages design and construction, it is common for construction to start without the design being completed. Information is provided to the contractor as it becomes available and delivery stays ahead of the construction programme.”

Answer 16

In Design-Build, “the contract lies with one person, there is single point responsibility. The contractor engages a design team, which completes the detailed design and then produces the construction information. Since the contractor manages design and construction, it is common for construction to start without the design being completed. Information is provided to the contractor as it becomes available and delivery stays ahead of the construction programme.”

Question 17

The main advantage of DB projects is that ____________ . The owner can then focus on ________ and _________ rather than _____________.

Answer 17

The main advantage of DB projects is that the owner receives the completed project for a defined price – meaning the risk of cost over-runs is lessened. The owner can then focus on the design parameters and scope of work rather than construction management activities.

Question 18

The principal factors that will influence the budget for hard costs are _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 18

The principal factors that will influence the budget for hard costs are labour costs and labour availability, costs for materials such as steel, concrete, and lumber and unforeseen weather and site conditions during construction.

Question 19

There are typically three different forms of contract between the owner and contractor in the Traditional Design-Bid-Build model:

Answer 19

Stipulated Price Contract

Cost Plus Contract

Unit Price Contract

Question 20

In a DESIGN-BUILD model, the project risks are largely transferred to the ________ ​

Answer 20

DESIGN BUILDER

Question 21

Specifications are typically formatted in a very specific way defined by the _____________.

According to this system, the work is divided up into Divisions. There are up to 33 different Divisions: Division 1 covers General Requirements, Division 3 covers Concrete, Division 5 is Metals, etc.

The Format outlines a set order, title, and section for each typical specification item.

Standardization of construction documents allows all parties to focus on the exceptions and it reduces the amount of time required to become familiar with a project. This is very important in an industry as fragmented as construction.

Answer 21

Specifications are typically formatted in a very specific way defined by the National Master Specification - Master Format. According to this system, the work is divided up into Divisions.

Question 22

While the architectural renderings will often not represent the final building design, they serve an important purpose in ____________

Answer 22

While the architectural renderings will often not represent the final building design, they serve an important purpose in communicating the developer’s concept to government, investors, potential tenants, and other stakeholders such as local residents.

Question 23

These are released to bidders.

Answer 23

Drawings and Specifications Issued for Tender or Pricing

Question 24

_______ is the most common approach to commercial design and construction. The owner takes responsibility for architectural drawings, bid specifications, and solicitation of a general contractor.

Answer 24

DBB is the most common approach to commercial design and construction. The owner takes responsibility for architectural drawings, bid specifications, and solicitation of a general contractor.

Question 25

TRUE? FALSE? There is usually no significant benefit for DBB where the commercial building is relatively simple in design, such as a warehouse or conventional office building.

Answer 25

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 26

Soft costs include _ _ _ _

Answer 26

Soft costs include expenses related to rezoning and development planning, architect’s fees, civil engineering and other consulting reports, real estate appraisal, financing fees, local government development cost charges, property taxes, sewer and water and utility connection fees, and loan interest during construction and loan fees.

Question 27

The goal of the architect and APC is to ________________

Answer 27

The goal of the architect and APC is to fine-tune the design so that it is more likely to receive final approval by the designated local government officials and, in many cases, by the municipal council.

Question 28

TRUE?FALSE? With a Design Build project the owner has less control over the quality of the delivered building since the Design-Builder is free to adopt value engineering solutions identified by sub-contractors.

Answer 28

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 29

TRUE/FALSE? DB projects reduce the risk of cost over-runs

Answer 29

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 30

There is a special category of expense, off-site costs, which may be attributable to either hard or soft costs depending on the circumstances.

Off-site costs include work required to bring services to the project boundaries and may also include developer contributions and construction of off-site project works such as new roads, public facilities, and other infrastructure. Such costs can sometimes take the form of a development cost charge, where the municipality charges the owner/developer for a portion of costs to build the roads and utilities that contribute to the viability of this project.

Answer 30

There is a special category of expense, off-site costs, which may be attributable to either hard or soft costs depending on the circumstances.

Off-site costs include work required to bring services to the project boundaries and may also include developer contributions and construction of off-site project works such as new roads, public facilities, and other infrastructure. Such costs can sometimes take the form of a development cost charge, where the municipality charges the owner/developer for a portion of costs to build the roads and utilities that contribute to the viability of this project.

Question 31

Detailed Design Issued for Building Permit – drawings are created for the purposes of obtaining a building permit. Usually the drawings include the minimum level of detail to obtain the building permit, with the design not expected to change significantly.

Usually the drawings include the minimum level of detail to obtain the building permit, with the design not expected to change significantly.

Building permits can often take a long time to obtain.

Thus, the building permit drawings are issued before completion of the design to facilitate expediting the design schedule.

However, designs must be sufficiently complete in order to maintain consistency between the building permit and the constructed facility. Significant design changes during construction (e.g., adding a floor, increasing footprint, or enclosing balconies) might trigger a building permit amendment which could result in delays and cost escalation.

Therefore, these drawings will usually be close to the level of detail for drawings issued for tender or construction.

Answer 31

Detailed Design Issued for Building Permit – drawings are created for the purposes of obtaining a building permit. Usually the drawings include the minimum level of detail to obtain the building permit, with the design not expected to change significantly.

Usually the drawings include the minimum level of detail to obtain the building permit, with the design not expected to change significantly.

Building permits can often take a long time to obtain.

Thus, the building permit drawings are issued before completion of the design to facilitate expediting the design schedule.

However, designs must be sufficiently complete in order to maintain consistency between the building permit and the constructed facility. Significant design changes during construction (e.g., adding a floor, increasing footprint, or enclosing balconies) might trigger a building permit amendment which could result in delays and cost escalation.

Therefore, these drawings will usually be close to the level of detail for drawings issued for tender or construction.

Question 32

The main advantages of DBB are the following:

Answer 32

The main advantages of DBB are the following:

The architect works directly for the owner.

An experienced design team can select cost effective materials and methods of construction to achieve the most cost effective solution for the owner.

The construction project is well-defined prior to bidding meaning the bid responses are relatively uniform and easy to compare.

The competitive bidding process generally yields the lowest construction cost.

The owner’s architect can play a role in helping to evaluate the bids.

Question 33

TRUE?FALSE? The DBB competitive bidding process generally yields the lowest construction cost.

Answer 33

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 34

The architectural drawings are intended to express the form of the building.

They show dimensions to help coordinate the work shown on other drawings.

The architectural drawings will also show major structural, electrical and mechanical elements.

The goal is to prevent conflicts such as a large ventilation duct going through the middle of a large support beam.

Answer 34

The architectural drawings are intended to express the form of the building.

They show dimensions to help coordinate the work shown on other drawings.

The architectural drawings will also show major structural, electrical and mechanical elements.

The goal is to prevent conflicts such as a large ventilation duct going through the middle of a large support beam.

Question 35

The cost estimating process for new buildings is generally based on one of two units of measure: _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 35

The cost estimating process for new buildings is generally based on one of two units of measure: cost per square foot/square metre or cost per cubic foot/metre.

Question 36

__________________ allows all parties to focus on the exceptions and it reduces the amount of time required to become familiar with a project. This is very important in an industry as fragmented as construction.

Answer 36

Standardization of construction documents allows all parties to focus on the exceptions and it reduces the amount of time required to become familiar with a project. This is very important in an industry as fragmented as construction.

Question 37

In producing a set of _______ and ________, it is important that the architect/engineer precisely show ______ is to be done, but, to the extent possible, leave _______ it is done to be determined by the contractor.

Answer 37

In producing a set of plans and specifications, it is important that the architect/engineer precisely show what is to be done, but, to the extent possible, leave how it is done to be determined by the contractor.

Question 38

Once a developer has determined that the concept for a new commercial building is legally and economically feasible, and also that funding for the project is available, the next steps are_ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 38

Once a developer has determined that the concept for a new commercial building is legally and economically feasible, and also that funding for the project is available, the next steps are the design process, building construction, and building commissioning.

Question 39

Site plans include _ _ _ _ _

Answer 39

Survey plans, topographic maps, grades, roadways, parking

Question 40

A Design-Build contract has the design and construction aspects contracted to a single entity known as the design-builder or design-build contractor. This system can be used to reduce the delivery schedule by overlapping the design phase and construction phase of a project.

Answer 40

A Design-Build contract has the design and construction aspects contracted to a single entity known as the design-builder or design-build contractor. This system can be used to reduce the delivery schedule by overlapping the design phase and construction phase of a project.

Question 41

This is a contract between the owner and contractor to complete the work based on agreed upon fixed dollar amounts for each specified unit or work performed. The value of the contract, or total price, is determined from the unit price multiplied by the measured quantity of work performed for each specific unit.

Answer 41

Unit Price Contract

Question 42

What are the disadvantages of DBB?

Answer 42

There are a number of negatives associated with DBB, mainly associated with the lack of flexibility in design, potential for high cost overruns, and lack of input from contractors during the design phase. The principal issue is that owners have full exposure to any cost over-runs resulting from change orders

Question 43

The ___________________ provides a variety of standard contract forms for use by owners, designers, and contractors.

Answer 43

The Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) provides a variety of standard contract forms for use by owners, designers, and contractors. These forms are developed by representatives from the industry in the interest of moving to consistent standards for construction bidding and contracts. The specifications will be included as part of the contract, but the specifications themselves are not the contract.

Question 44

Most larger municipalities will have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that are staffed with a combination of independent experts, such as architects, plus City planning staff with expertise in urban design.

Answer 44

Most larger municipalities will have Advisory Planning and Design Committees that are staffed with a combination of independent experts, such as architects, plus City planning staff with expertise in urban design.

Question 45

DBB is the most common approach to commercial design and construction. The owner takes responsibility for ________, ________, and _____________. The owner contracts with a general contractor who takes responsibility for ______________, and __________. Once the general contractor is engaged, the owner will have no direct relationship with material suppliers or sub-contractor, they will in essence be invisible to the owner.

Answer 45

DBB is the most common approach to commercial design and construction. The owner takes responsibility for architectural drawings, bid specifications, and solicitation of a general contractor. The owner contracts with a general contractor who takes responsibility for hiring and scheduling of sub-trades, and construction management. Once the general contractor is engaged, the owner will have no direct relationship with material suppliers or sub-contractor, they will in essence be invisible to the owner.

Question 46

Traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB)

As the name implies, there are three phases to DBB as follows:

1. Design – Architect produces drawings and specifications.

2. Bid – Design drawings and specifications are used to obtain pricing from contractors. This pricing is often received in the form of a “bid” which comes out of a formal process.

3. Build – Following the bid, a bidder is awarded the contract and construction begins.

Answer 46

Traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB)

As the name implies, there are three phases to DBB as follows:

1. Design – Architect produces drawings and specifications.

2. Bid – Design drawings and specifications are used to obtain pricing from contractors. This pricing is often received in the form of a “bid” which comes out of a formal process.

3. Build – Following the bid, a bidder is awarded the contract and construction begins.

Question 47

Outline the three phases of traditional design-bid-build

Answer 47

Design – Architect produces drawings and specifications.

Bid – Design drawings and specifications are used to obtain pricing from contractors. This pricing is often received in the form of a “bid” which comes out of a formal process. Contractors provide bids in accordance with the specifications and the owner is obligated to select from the lowest of the compliant bids. The process is intended to ensure fairness between competing contractors and prevent the owner from using one contractor’s bid to force another contractor to lower their price. This practice is illegal and is referred to as bid shopping.

Build – Following the bid, a bidder is awarded the contract and construction begins.

Question 48

TRUE?FALSE? An advantage of DBB is an experienced design team can select cost effective materials and methods of construction to achieve the most cost effective solution for the owner.

Answer 48

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 49

There is usually no significant benefit for DBB where the commercial building is relatively simple in design, such as a warehouse or conventional office building.

The costs for these structures are generally well established in the construction community and a DB process will usually yield the most cost effective outcome. In the case of more complex commercial and institutional projects with innovative or unique design, a DBB approach may be more cost effective and result in a building delivered in a shorter timeframe.

DBB may also be a good fit for owners who do not have the in-house expertise or desire to become involved in the construction process.

Answer 49

There is usually no significant benefit for DBB where the commercial building is relatively simple in design, such as a warehouse or conventional office building.

The costs for these structures are generally well established in the construction community and a DB process will usually yield the most cost effective outcome. In the case of more complex commercial and institutional projects with innovative or unique design, a DBB approach may be more cost effective and result in a building delivered in a shorter timeframe.

DBB may also be a good fit for owners who do not have the in-house expertise or desire to become involved in the construction process.

Question 50

TRUE OR FALSE? There is usually no significant benefit for DBB where the commercial building is relatively simple in design, such as a warehouse or conventional office building.

Answer 50

ANSWER: TRUE

Question 51

The main advantage of DB projects is _ _ _ _ _

Answer 51

The main advantage of DB projects is that the owner receives the completed project for a defined price – meaning the risk of cost over-runs is lessened. The owner can then focus on the design parameters and scope of work rather than construction management activities. In this model, the project risks are largely transferred to the Design-Builder – especially in a stipulated price contract.

Question 52

Design/build: Under this method, an owner typically hires a single entity, the design/builder, to perform both design and construction under a single contract.

Design-bid-build: This is the most traditional process in the U.S. construction industry, where the owner contracts separately with a designer and a contractor.

Answer 52

Design/build: Under this method, an owner typically hires a single entity, the design/builder, to perform both design and construction under a single contract.

Design-bid-build: This is the most traditional process in the U.S. construction industry, where the owner contracts separately with a designer and a contractor.

Question 53

In producing a set of plans and specifications, it is important that the architect/engineer precisely show _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 53

In producing a set of plans and specifications, it is important that the architect/engineer precisely show what is to be done, but, to the extent possible, leave how it is done to be determined by the contractor.

This benefits the owner by allowing the contractor to use innovative construction methods that achieve the desired specifications

Question 54

The design process includes a feasibility analysis to determine the probability that _____________

Answer 54

The design process includes a feasibility analysis to determine the probability that a legally permissible, financial feasible, and socially acceptable commercial building can be developed. The feasibility analysis feeds information into the design process and vice-versa in a synergistic relationship.

Question 55

A Design-Build team is often a partnership between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In the DB process, the building is designed around _ _ _ _ _ _. The owner is relying on the DB contractor’s experience and expertise in finding the most cost effective solution for each phase of the construction project. The architects, engineers, and contractors work together at the onset to optimize the budget and schedule.

Answer 55

A Design-Build team is often a partnership between an architect and general contractor. In the DB process, the building is designed around the owner’s budget. The owner is relying on the DB contractor’s experience and expertise in finding the most cost effective solution for each phase of the construction project. The architects, engineers, and contractors work together at the onset to optimize the budget and schedule.

Question 56

Schematic Design – put together the design team including architect, engineers, planners, marketing, financing, etc. This stage will be aimed at producing schematic drawings outlining _ _ _ _

Answer 56

Schematic Design – put together the design team including architect, engineers, planners, marketing, financing, etc. This stage will be aimed at producing schematic drawings outlining building height and footprint, materials used (concrete, steel, or wood), basic structural system, basic HVAC and electrical systems, basic landscaping, and room layouts.

Question 57

Plans are _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer 57

Plans are the drawings that transmit the design information from the architect/engineer to the contractor. These are provided on a print medium that allows easy, legible reproduction

Question 58

Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project.

Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build.

There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1]

The design phase

The bidding (or tender) phase

The construction phase

Answer 58

Design–bid–build (or design/bid/build, and abbreviated D–B–B or D/B/B accordingly), also known as Design–tender (or “design/tender”), is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for the design and construction of a project.

Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project delivery and differs in several substantial aspects from design–build.

There are three main sequential phases to the design–bid–build delivery method:[1]

The design phase

The bidding (or tender) phase

The construction phase

Question 59

In Design-Build,

“the contract lies with one person, there is single point responsibility. The contractor engages a design team, which completes the detailed design and then produces the construction information. Since the contractor manages design and construction, it is common for construction to start without the design being completed. Information is provided to the contractor as it becomes available and delivery stays ahead of the construction programme.”

Answer 59

In Design-Build,

“the contract lies with one person, there is single point responsibility. The contractor engages a design team, which completes the detailed design and then produces the construction information. Since the contractor manages design and construction, it is common for construction to start without the design being completed. Information is provided to the contractor as it becomes available and delivery stays ahead of the construction programme.”

Question 60

DBB // Design phase

In this phase the owner retains an architect (or consulting engineer for infrastructure works) to design and produce bid documents, including construction drawings and technical specifications, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project.

For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a written program documenting those needs and then produce a conceptual and/or schematic design.

This early design is then developed, and the architect will usually bring in other design professionals including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineers (MEP engineers), a fire protection engineer, structural engineer, sometimes a civil engineer and often a landscape architect to help complete the construction drawings and technical specifications.

The finished bid documents are coordinated by the architect and owner for issuance to general contractors during the bid phase.

Design fees are typically between 5-10% of the total project cost.

Answer 60

DBB // Design phase

In this phase the owner retains an architect (or consulting engineer for infrastructure works) to design and produce bid documents, including construction drawings and technical specifications, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project.

For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a written program documenting those needs and then produce a conceptual and/or schematic design.

This early design is then developed, and the architect will usually bring in other design professionals including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineers (MEP engineers), a fire protection engineer, structural engineer, sometimes a civil engineer and often a landscape architect to help complete the construction drawings and technical specifications.

The finished bid documents are coordinated by the architect and owner for issuance to general contractors during the bid phase.

Design fees are typically between 5-10% of the total project cost.

Question 61

Explain a Design-Build Contract

Answer 61

A Design-Build contract has the design and construction aspects contracted to a single entity known as the design-builder or design-build contractor. This system can be used to reduce the delivery schedule by overlapping the design phase and construction phase of a project.

Question 62

Most larger municipalities will have ___________ that are staffed with a combination of independent experts, such as architects, plus City planning staff with expertise in urban design. The role of these committees is to advise City Council on the appropriate­ness of a building’s design relative to local design objectives.

Answer 62

Most larger municipalities will have Advisory Planning and Design Committees that are staffed with a combination of independent experts, such as architects, plus City planning staff with expertise in urban design. The role of these committees is to advise City Council on the appropriate­ness of a building’s design relative to local design objectives.

Question 63

Once the financing has been established and there is a general concept in place for a proposed development, the design will unfold in a series of mile­stones as follows:

Answer 63

Schematic Design

Detailed Design Issued for Building Permit

Drawings and Specifications Issued for Tender or Pricing

Drawings Issued for Construction

Question 64

______ are the drawings that transmit the design information from the architect/engineer to the contractor. These are provided on a print medium that allows easy, legible reproduction.

Answer 64

Plans are the drawings that transmit the design information from the architect/engineer to the contractor. These are provided on a print medium that allows easy, legible reproduction.

Question 65

A typical set of plans would include the following:

Answer 65

Site plans

Structural drawings

Architectural drawings

Mechanical drawings

Electrical drawings

Miscellaneous

Question 66

______ are usually organized by the different disciplines that created them. The _________ are intended to express the form of the building. They show dimensions to help coordinate the work shown on other drawings. The __________ will also show major structural, electrical and mechanical elements. The goal is to prevent conflicts such as a large ventilation duct going through the middle of a large support beam.

Answer 66

Drawings are usually organized by the different disciplines that created them. The architectural drawings are intended to express the form of the building. They show dimensions to help coordinate the work shown on other drawings. The architectural drawings will also show major structural, electrical and mechanical elements. The goal is to prevent conflicts such as a large ventilation duct going through the middle of a large support beam.

Question 67

The ___________ or _______ provide additional details to describe the work. The _______ together with the _________ provide a complete description of the work.

For example the ______ might call up “vinyl windows” but the _______ will provide additional details about the performance, installation, testing and maintenance requirements for the windows.

Answer 67

The specifications or specs provide additional details to describe the work. The drawings together with the specifications provide a complete description of the work. For example the drawings might call up “vinyl windows” but the specifications will provide additional details about the performance, installation, testing and maintenance requirements for the windows.

Question 68

________ are typically formatted in a very specific way defined by the National Master Specification - Master Format.

Answer 68

Specifications are typically formatted in a very specific way defined by the National Master Specification - Master Format.

Question 69

DBB

Design Phase

In the design phase the owner retains an architect to design and produce ________, including _______ and _______, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project.

Answer 69

DBB

Design Phase

In the design phase the owner retains an architect to design and produce bid documents, including construction drawings and technical specifications, on which various general contractors will in turn bid to construct the project.

Question 70

DBB / Design Phase

For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a _________ documenting those needs and then produce a ________ and/or _______

Answer 70

DBB / Design Phase

For building projects, the architect will work with the owner to identify the owner’s needs, develop a written program documenting those needs and then produce a conceptual and/or schematic design.