Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE > Burns - Patho, Complications, Healing, Classification > Flashcards

Burns - Patho, Complications, Healing, Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 zones of a burn wound?

A

Zone of coagulation
Zone of stasis
Zone of hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In which zone are cells irreversibly injured?

A

Zone of coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which zone is there minimal cell injury, with good chance of recovery?

A

Zone of hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which zone are cells injured?

A

Zone of stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How soon should cells in the zone of stasis be treated to prevent cell death?

A

Within 24 - 48 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the rule of nines for estimating burn area?

A
  • Head and neck 9 %
  • Anterior trunk 18 %
  • Posterior trunk 18 %
  • Arms 9 % each
  • Legs 18 % each
  • Perineum 1 % each
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of burn area would a Pt with burns along both arms and posterior trunk cover?

A

36 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percent of burn area would a Pt with burns along one leg, posterior trunk, and head and neck cover?

A

45 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percent of burn area would a Pt with burns along one arm, head and neck, both legs, and perineum cover?

A

55 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can change the rule of nines?

A

Pt age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the classifications of burns by body area?

A

Crticial: 10 % of body with 3rd degree, 30 % or more with 2nd degree
Moderate:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What classification by body area would a Pt with 3rd degree burns on head and neck, and 2nd degree burns on both arms be?

A

Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What classification by body area would a Pt with no 3rd degree burns, but 2nd degree burns along anterior and posterior trunk be?

A

Critical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tissue is damaged in an 1st degree burn?

A

Epidermis only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What tissue is damaged in a 1st degree burn?

A

Epidermis only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the appearance of a 1st degree burn?

A

Pink or red with no blistering, minimal edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much pain associated with a 1st degree burn?

A

Tenderness with delayed pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long does it take for a 1st degree burn to heal?

A

3 - 7 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much scarring occurs with a 1st degree burn?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What tissue is affected in a 2nd degree superficial partial-thickness burn?

A

Epidermis, and upper layers of dermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the appearance of a 2nd degree superficial partial-thickness burn?

A
  • Bright pink or red
  • Blanching with quick capillary refill
  • Blisters, moist surface, weeping
  • Moderate edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How much pain is present in a 2nd degree superficial partial-thickness burn?

A

Painful, sensitive to touch and temperature changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does it take for a 2nd degree superficial partial-thickness burn to heal?

A

7 - 21 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much scarring occurs with a 2nd degree superficial partial-thickness burn?

A

Minimal to no scarring or discoloration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What tissue is affected in a 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Nerve endings
  • Sweat glands
  • Hair follicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the appearance of a 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn?

A
  • Mixed red or waxy white appearance
  • Blanching with slow capillary refill
  • Broken blisters, wet surface
  • Marked edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How much pain is associated with a 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn?

A

Sensitive to pressure, but insensitive to light touch or soft pin prick.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How long does it take for a 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn?

A
  • Healing is slow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How does a 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn heal?

A
  • Scar formation and re-epithiliazation
30
Q

What will occur without preventative treatment of 2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn?

A

Excessive scarring.

31
Q

What tissue is affected in a 3rd degree burn?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Possibly muscle
32
Q

What tissue is affected in a 3rd degree burn?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Possibly muscle
33
Q

What is the appearance of a 3rd degree burn?

A
  • White (ischemic)
  • Charred
  • Tan
  • Black
  • No blanching, poor circulation distally
34
Q

How much pain is associated with a 3rd degree burn?

A

Little pain because nerve endings are destroyed.

35
Q

How does a 3rd degree burn heal?

A
  • Removal of eschar and skin grafting necessary
36
Q

What are 3 potential complications of a 3rd degree burn that can be reduced with preventative treatment?

A
  • Infection
  • Hypertrophic scarring
  • Wound contracture
37
Q

What tissue is affected in a 4th degree burn?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous tissue and muscle
  • Possibly vascular system
38
Q

What is the appearance of a 4th degree burn?

A
  • Charred
39
Q

Why may further necrosis develop as a result of a 4th degree burn?

A
  • Compromised vascular system
40
Q

How do 4th degree burns develop?

A
  • Electrical burns

- Prolonged exposure to flame

41
Q

What are 3 additional possible complications with an electrical burn?

A
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Acute kidney damage
  • Spinal cord damage
42
Q

How does a 4th degree burn heal?

A
  • Skin grafting
  • Scarring
  • Extensive surgery
43
Q

What may be necessary following a 4th degree burn surgically?

A

Amputation

44
Q

What are 6 complications following burns?

A
  • Infection
  • Shock
  • Pulmonary complications
  • Metabolic complications
  • Cardiac and circulatory complications
  • Integumentary scars
45
Q

What is the leading cause of death following burns?

A
  • Infection/ gangrene
46
Q

How do pulmonary complications develop following burns?

A
  • Inhalation of hot smoke
  • Smoke poisoning
  • Pulmonary edema results with airway obstruction
  • Restrictive lung disease from burns to trunk
  • Pneumonia
47
Q

What should be a sign of potential smoke inhalation?

A
  • Singed nose hairs

- Burns of the face

48
Q

What metabolic complications arise form burns?

A
  • Increased metabolic/ catabolic activity
  • Leads to weight loss
  • Nitrogen balance becomes negative
  • Energy decreases
49
Q

How are cardiac and circulatory systems affected following burns?

A
  • Fluid and blood plasma loss leads to decreased cardiac output
50
Q

How do epithelial cells heal?

A
  • Cells that are still viable are retained

- Epithelial cells grow and proliferate over wound - epithelialization

51
Q

What is essential in the treatment of epithelial burns?

A
  • Protect epithelial cells

- Prevent wound drying and cracking 2o to loss of sebaceous glands with moisturing creams

52
Q

What is essential in the treatment of epithelial burns?

A
  • Protect epithelial cells

- Prevent wound drying and cracking 2o to loss of sebaceous glands with moisturing creams

53
Q

How do dermal wounds heal?

A
  • Scar formation - replacement of injured cells with connective tissue
54
Q

What color are scars?

A
  • Initially red or purple

- Later white

55
Q

What are the 3 phases of burn healing?

A
  • Inflammatory
  • Proliferative
  • Maturation
56
Q

How long is each phase of burn healing?

A
  • Inflammatory: 3 - 5 days

- Proliferative/ maturation: Up to 2 years

57
Q

What are the 4 primary events of the proliferative phase?

A
  • Angiogenesis
  • Granulation formation
  • Wound contraction
  • Epithelialization
58
Q

What types of collagen are used in the proliferative phase of burn healing?

A
  • Type III initially

- Type I/ scar tissue later

59
Q

What cells synthesize collagen, glycoaminoglyicans, and elastin?

A

Fibroblasts

60
Q

What cells cause wound contraction in dermal wounds?

A

Myofibroblasts.

61
Q

When does a scar become immature?

A

6 - 12 weeks

62
Q

What color is an immature scare?

A

Bright pink

63
Q

What is the appearance of a mature scar?

A

Soft, white, flat

64
Q

How long does it take for a scar to mature?

A

> 1 year

65
Q

What is a hypertrophic scar?

A

Raise scar within boundaries of burn

66
Q

What is the appearance of a hypertrophic scar?

A
  • Red
  • Raised
  • Firm
67
Q

What is a Keloid scar?

A

Raised scar that extends beyond boundaries of original burn

68
Q

What is the appearance of a Keloid scar?

A
  • Red
  • Raised
  • Firm
69
Q

In whom are keloid scars more likely to develop?

A
  • Young women

- Individuals with darker skin

70
Q

What is the appearance of a hypothrophic scar?

A
  • Flat

- Depressed below surrounding skin

NPTE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions