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Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five main winegrowing areas in Burgundy

A

Chablis, Cote d’ Or, Cote Challonaise, Maconnais, Beaujolais

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2
Q

What river runs through Chablis

A

Serein

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3
Q

What are the three AOPs of Chablis

A

Petit Chablis, Chablis and Chablis Grand Crus

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4
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis

A

One, Chablis Grand Cru AOP

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5
Q

How many Premier Crus are there in Chablis

A

17 (40 geographic designations grouped into 17 major premier crus), on both the right and left banks of the Serein River

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6
Q

What is the main soil type of Chablis

A

Kimmeridgian Marl, a mixture of limestone and clay laced with oyster fossils. The secondary soil of Chablis is Portlandien limestone

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7
Q

Name four top Premier Crus in Chablis and their location

A

Right bank..Montee de Tonnerre and Fourchaume. Left bank…Vaillons and Montmains

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8
Q

What are the seven geographic designations of Chablis Grand Cru AOP

A

Les Clos, Vaudesir, Valmur, Preuses, Blanchot, Bougros, Grenouilles (La Moutonne, an eighth can be used on labels per the INAO, but is not listed as an official designation)

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9
Q

What departement is Chablis in

A

Yonne (Chablis, Irancy and St-Bris are 3 AOPS in Yonne)

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10
Q

What are the four lieux-dits approved in the 1990s as geographic designations for Bourgogne AOP

A

La Chapelle Notre Dame, Le Chapitre, Cote St Jacques, Montrecul

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11
Q

What the top premier crus of Vosne-Romanee

A

Les Suchots, Les Beau Monts, Les Petits Monts, Aux Malconsorts, Cros Parentoux

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12
Q

Most southern Cote de Nuits Villages AOP villages

A

Premeaux-Prissey, Comblanchien, Corgoloin

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13
Q

Grand Crus of the Cote de Beaune

A

Corton, Corton-Charlemagne, Charlemagne, Chevalier-Montrachet, Montrachet, Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet, Criots-Batard-Montrachet

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14
Q

Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains AOP

A

Red and rose wines modeled on field blends of the past, produced throughout Cote d Or and Southern Burgundy. Pinot Noir must be a minimum 30% of the blend, and Gamay must be a minimum 15% of the blend, two grapes must be vinified together. Red is more common than rose

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15
Q

Cremant de Bourgogne and Bourgogne Mousseux

A

Burgundy’s two sparkling wine AOPs. Bourgogne Mousseux is an older, rare appellation reserved exlusively for traditionally produced sparkling reds

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16
Q

When did Cote Chalonnaise become a geographic designation of the Bourgogne AOP

A

1990

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17
Q

What are the five main appellations of the Cote Chalonnaise

A

Bouzeron (Aligote), Montagny (white grapes only), Rully, Givry, Mercurey can produce white or red

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18
Q

What are the 10 crus of Beaujolais

A

St-Amour, Julienas, Moulin-a-Vent, Chenas, Fleurie, Chiroubles, Morgon, Regnie, Brouilly and Cote de Brouilly

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19
Q

Carbonic maceration

A

Beaujolais, whole clusters are sealed in a tank and pump in carbon dioxide, short intracellular fermentation, metabolizing glucose and malic acid to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide without yeast

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20
Q

Who inhabited the Abbey at Cluny

A

Benedictine Monks in the 10th and 11th century

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21
Q

Who acquired large vineyard holdings, including several grand cru vineyards and Clos Vougeot

A

Cistercian Monks

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22
Q

What years did the Valois Dukes rule Burgundy

A

1363 to 1477

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23
Q

Who ordered Gamay to be ripped up in favor of Pinot Noir to produce superior wine

A

Philip the Bold

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24
Q

What Duke promoted hillside viticulture

A

Philip the Good

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25
Q

Who founded the Hotel Dieu in Beaune

A

Nicolas Rolin in 1443, a nobleman in the Valois Court

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26
Q

When is the Hospices de Beaune auction held each year

A

Every third Sunday of November

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27
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

1804, Napolean required inheritances to be equally split among heirs

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28
Q

Metayage

A

Sharecropping, farmers leased land from bourgeoisie

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29
Q

Fermage

A

Leasing arrangements

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30
Q

What negociant is the largest landowner in the Cote d Or

A

Bouchard Pere and Fils, 130 hectares of vines

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31
Q

Cote d Or geography

A

Cote d Or Departement, core of Burgundy, 60 km stretch from Dijon to Maranges, unbroken string of vineyards on east and southeast facing limestone escarpment (cotes) whose forested summits mark the region’s western edge

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32
Q

Beaune

A

Commercial center for wine trade in the Cote d Or

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33
Q

Yonne

A

Department where Chablis is located (130 km NW of Dijon)

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34
Q

What department is Cote Chalonnaise located in

A

Saone et Loire (the region takes its name from the city of Chalon sur Saone)

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35
Q

Macon

A

Capital of Saone et Loire Department and namesake of the Maconnais winegrowing region

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36
Q

True or False: The Maconnais is the second largest area of production for white wine after Chablis in Burgundy

A

True

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37
Q

What landmark hails the beginning of the Beaujolais region

A

Monts du Beaujolais, choppy low mountains up to 1000 meters

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38
Q

What department is Beaujolais located in

A

Rhone (except for the far north which overlaps Maconnais)

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39
Q

Aligote

A

Second most important white grape in Burgundy, usually in varietal white wines, mostly in Bouzeron in Cote Chalonnaise

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40
Q

What are the four tiers of AOP system in Burgundy

A

Regionale (50%), Village, Premier (1er) cru, Grand Cru (less than 2%)

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41
Q

Bourgogne AOP

A

Baseline regional appellation, no Gamay allowed

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42
Q

Coteaux Bourgogne AOP

A

Similar to Bourgogne AOP, but allows Gamay in red blends

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43
Q

Chitry, Vezelay and Epineuil

A

Villages in Yonne Departement that may append their names to the Bourgogne AOP

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44
Q

Cote de Beaune-Villages AOP

A

wines are red, and grapes can be sourced from any village in the Cote de Beaune except Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton and Beaune

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45
Q

Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP

A

red or rarely white, can be sourced from Fixin, Brochon in the north, Prissey, Corgoloin and Comblanchien in the south

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46
Q

Bourgogne AOP

A

AOP for varietal wines made only from white Aligote grape

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47
Q

Cremant de Bourgogne

A

One of two sparkling wine AOPs, production concentrated in and around Rully, where Burgundy sparkling wines were born in the 19th c.

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48
Q

Monopole

A

vineyard under single ownership, rare in Burgundy

49
Q

Grand Crus in Burgundy

A

Single vineyard sites of such reknown that they have achieved their own AOP, independent of the village in which they lie

50
Q

What is the smallest AOP in France

A

La Romanee, .85 ha

51
Q

what is the largest AOP in Burgundy

A

Corton, cote de Beaune, 160 ha

52
Q

Cote d’Or Grand Cru

A

Must be produced from the single, stated vineyard, if two blend their fruit, would be declassified to the village AOP (and could have a premier cru designation)

53
Q

Benchmark Chablis style

A

Exemplified at the Premier Cru level, pronounced acidity, medium weight, lees character, intense mineral steely character, no new oak (new oak only used at grand cr level)

54
Q

Irancy AOP

A

Red wine appellation for light Pinot Noir based reds in Yonne Department

55
Q

St-Bris AOP

A

Only Sauvignon Blanc appellation in Burgundy, in Yonne Department

56
Q

What is the main ingredient of Cote d’Or soil

A

Limestone (forged during Jurassic period), some clay. Higher levels of limestone are argillaceous limestone, lower levels are marl or calcareous clay)

57
Q

Combes

A

Dry, transverse valleys carved in the last ice age, cut by the last ice age, conduits for cool breezes and hail

58
Q

Where in the Cote d’Or do most grand crus lay

A

at a gentle grade of 10% or less, better drained and less

nitrogen rich clay soil than the valley, but more nutrient rich then the top 35% grades

59
Q

Which direction does the Cote de Nuit face

A

East

60
Q

Which direction does the Cote de Beaune face

A

South East

61
Q

Cote de Beaune soil

A

More marl and less limestone than Cote de Nuits (except Montrachet). Generally hillsides are less steep than Cote de Beaune

62
Q

General features of Cote d’Or red wines

A

typically aged in oak , 228 liter piece barrels, more oak the higher level wine, 50 to 100% grand crus, 15-18 months in barrel for top reds, all undergo malolactic fermentation

63
Q

Village appellations from North to south in Cote de Nuits

A

Marsannay, Fixin, Gevry-Chambertin, Morey-Saint-Denis , Chambolle-Musigny, Vougeot, Vosne-Romanee, Nuits-Saint-Georges

64
Q

How many Grand Cru Vineyards are the in the Cote de Nuits

A

24 , all produce red, only one, Musigny, can produce white

65
Q

Gevrey-Chambertin

A

Some of the Cote d’Ors greatest Pinot Noir, largest village appellation in the Cote d’Or, greatest number of grand cru vineyards in any single village (9) .

66
Q

Clos St Jacques

A

Outstanding premier cru vineyard in Gevrey-Chambertin,, excluded from Grand Cru in 1936 as its borders did not touch Chambertin itself

67
Q

The nine Grand Crus of Gevrey-Chambertin

A

Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Charmes-Chambertin, Mazoyères-Chambertin, Chapelle-Chambertin, Griotte-Chambertin, Latricières-Chambertin, Mazis-Chambertin and Ruchottes-Chambertin

68
Q

The Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny

A

Musigny and Bonnes Mares (majority)

69
Q

Les Amoureuses

A

Outstanding premier cru of Chambolle-Musigny

70
Q

Grand Crus of Morey-St.-Denis

A

Clos de tart, Clos de Lambrays, Clos de Roche, Clos St-Denis, sliver of a fifth (Bonnes Mares shared with Chambolle-Musigny)

71
Q

Clos de Vougeot

A

Largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits, 50 has, Clos takes up over 80% of planted acreage for village of Vougeot

72
Q

Grand Crus of Vosne-Romanee

A

Six, they are La Romanee, La Tache, Romanee-Conti, Richebourge, Romanee-Saint-Vivant, La grande Rue

73
Q

La Romanee

A

Grand Cru of Vosne-Romanee, smallest AOP in France at .8 5 ha

74
Q

What three grand crus in Vosne-Romanee are monopoles

A

La Tache and Romanee Conti (Domaine de la Romanee Conti) and La Grande Rue (Domaine Francoise Lamarche)

75
Q

Top Premier Cru sites of Vosne-Romanee

A

Les Suchots, Les Beaux Monts, Les Petits Mont, Aux Malconsorts, Cros Parentoux (Henri Jayer)

76
Q

Flagey Echezeaux

A

Town doesn’t have an appellation, producers use the name of its neighbor Vosne-Romanee. Has two Grand Crus (Echezeaux and Grands-Echezeaux)

77
Q

What do Clos de Vougeot and Echezeaux have in common

A

Same criticisms, too large, too many producers of varying quality

78
Q

Nuits-Saint-Georges wines

A

Sturdy, long-lived, include vineyards in Nuits-Saint-Georges and Premeaux-Prissey, south are the last villages of the Cote d’Or, Comblanchien and Corgoloin (Cote de Nuits Villages AOP)

79
Q

What geographical feature marks the start of the Cote de Beaune

A

Hill of Corton (160 ha hill) covered in vines on all but north side

80
Q

What is the only red wine producing grand cru in Cote de Beaune

A

Corton

81
Q

What is the only white wine producing grand cru in Cote de Nuit

A

Musigny

82
Q

What is the largest single Grand Cru appellation in all of Burgundy

A

Corton

83
Q

What percentage of Beaune’s vineyards in the village are premier cru

A

85%

84
Q

Les Bressandes, Greves, Clos de Mouches

A

Some of the best vineyards in Beaune village

85
Q

Les Rugiens and Les Epenots

A

Best premier crus in Pommard

86
Q

Les Caillerets, Champans, Clos de Chenes, Taillepieds, Clos de Ducs (monopole of Marquis d’Angerville)

A

Best premier crus in Volnay

87
Q

Pommard AOP

A

Red wines, hard tannic wines, second most full bodied red of the Cote de Beaune after Corton

88
Q

Meursault

A

Highest quantity of white wines in Cote d’Or, no grand crus, but several great premier crus

89
Q

Perrieres, Les Genevrieres, Les Charmes

A

Some top premier crus of Mersault

90
Q

Lieu-Dit

A

Long tradition of labeling village wines in Meursault by these named vineyards

91
Q

Lieu-Dits of Meursault

A

Les Narvaux, Les Chevalieres are two

92
Q

Montrachet

A

Known as the world’s finest Chardonnay, most age-worthy, most expensive

93
Q

Le Montrachet and Batard Montrachet

A

Grand Crus split between Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet

94
Q

Chevalier-Montrachet

A

top of the hill, grand cru of Cote de Beaune located entirely in Puligny-Montrachet

95
Q

Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet

A

Grand cru on Puligny-Montrachet side of the hill

96
Q

Criots-Batard-Montrachet

A

Grand cru, smallest of the Montrachet Grand Crus, entirely in Chassagne-Montrachet

97
Q

Les Pucelles, Le Cailleret, Les Demoiselles

A

Best premier crus in Puligny-Montrachet

98
Q

Which single commune has the most premier crus in the Cote d’Or

A

Chassagne-Montrachet (55) many are grouped within larger vineyards

99
Q

Blagny

A

Small hamlet that produces red wines under its own appellation, but a few hectares devoted to white grapes are sold as Meursault or Puligny-Montrachet depending on vineyard location

100
Q

Cote Chalonnaise geography

A

25 km long corridor extending south from Santenay, along the western edge of the Saone River Valley, similar limestone and clay soils as the Cote de Beaune, but less hills, less rugged, many conduits for eastern winds. Smaller hills don’t protect from winds, no contiguous strip of on vineyards, vines broken up, area less dependent on wine

101
Q

Givry and Mercurey

A

Best red wine producing AOPs in the Cote Chalonnaise, Mercurey makes 2/3 of the wine for the entire Cote Chalonnaise

102
Q

Macon AOP

A

produces red, white and rose wines, including varietal Gamay, producers in whole Maconnais region can use this AOP

103
Q

What percentage of Macon AOP production is village level

A

85%

104
Q

What type of wine is Macon-Villages

A

Only white wines, village level, 27 communes can append t

105
Q

Production style of Maconnaise white wine

A

Chardonnay, fermented and raised in stainless steel without oak, fruitier and more open than Chablis, less mineral and acid than Chablis

106
Q

What are the village AOPs of the Maconnais

A

Pouilly-Fuisse, Pouilly-Loche, Pouilly-Vinzelles, Saint-Veran, Vire-Clesse, produce only Chardonnay

107
Q

What are the four communes of Pouilly-Fuisse

A

Fuisse, Solutre-Pouilly, Vergisson, Chaintre

108
Q

Rocks of Solutre and Vergisson

A

Two large limestone escarpments that define the landscape of the southern Maconnais

109
Q

Saint Veran

A

Second best known Maconnais AOP wine after Pouilly Fuisse

110
Q

Vire Clesse

A

Youngest appellation of Maconnais, 1999

111
Q

Georges Duboeuf

A

Beaujolais region’s largest producer

112
Q

Where is Les Genevrières

A

Meursault

113
Q

Montrecul

A

a Bourgogne AOP lieu-dit in the Côte de Nuits

114
Q

Comte Georges de Vogüé

A

The sole producer of Musigny Blanc

115
Q

Other than Pommard and Volnay, which commune of the Côte de Beaune produces red wines exclusively

A

Blagny

116
Q

Does Marsannay produce Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP wines

A

NO

117
Q

Where is Marangas

A

Cote de Beaune

118
Q

Within Morey-Saint-Denis are four grands crus—the Clos de Tart, Clos de Lambrays, Clos de la Roche, and Clos St-Denis—and a sliver of a fifth, Bonnes Mares. Which one is a monopole?

A

Clos de Tart

119
Q

Domaines Dujac and Ponsot

A

Some of the top addresses in Morey-St-Denis

France (6 decks)

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