Burgundy Flashcards
Name the five main winegrowing areas in Burgundy
Chablis, Cote d’ Or, Cote Challonaise, Maconnais, Beaujolais
What river runs through Chablis
Serein
What are the three AOPs of Chablis
Petit Chablis, Chablis and Chablis Grand Crus
How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis
One, Chablis Grand Cru AOP
How many Premier Crus are there in Chablis
17 (40 geographic designations grouped into 17 major premier crus), on both the right and left banks of the Serein River
What is the main soil type of Chablis
Kimmeridgian Marl, a mixture of limestone and clay laced with oyster fossils. The secondary soil of Chablis is Portlandien limestone
Name four top Premier Crus in Chablis and their location
Right bank..Montee de Tonnerre and Fourchaume. Left bank…Vaillons and Montmains
What are the seven geographic designations of Chablis Grand Cru AOP
Les Clos, Vaudesir, Valmur, Preuses, Blanchot, Bougros, Grenouilles (La Moutonne, an eighth can be used on labels per the INAO, but is not listed as an official designation)
What departement is Chablis in
Yonne (Chablis, Irancy and St-Bris are 3 AOPS in Yonne)
What are the four lieux-dits approved in the 1990s as geographic designations for Bourgogne AOP
La Chapelle Notre Dame, Le Chapitre, Cote St Jacques, Montrecul
What the top premier crus of Vosne-Romanee
Les Suchots, Les Beau Monts, Les Petits Monts, Aux Malconsorts, Cros Parentoux
Most southern Cote de Nuits Villages AOP villages
Premeaux-Prissey, Comblanchien, Corgoloin
Grand Crus of the Cote de Beaune
Corton, Corton-Charlemagne, Charlemagne, Chevalier-Montrachet, Montrachet, Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet, Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains AOP
Red and rose wines modeled on field blends of the past, produced throughout Cote d Or and Southern Burgundy. Pinot Noir must be a minimum 30% of the blend, and Gamay must be a minimum 15% of the blend, two grapes must be vinified together. Red is more common than rose
Cremant de Bourgogne and Bourgogne Mousseux
Burgundy’s two sparkling wine AOPs. Bourgogne Mousseux is an older, rare appellation reserved exlusively for traditionally produced sparkling reds
When did Cote Chalonnaise become a geographic designation of the Bourgogne AOP
1990
What are the five main appellations of the Cote Chalonnaise
Bouzeron (Aligote), Montagny (white grapes only), Rully, Givry, Mercurey can produce white or red
What are the 10 crus of Beaujolais
St-Amour, Julienas, Moulin-a-Vent, Chenas, Fleurie, Chiroubles, Morgon, Regnie, Brouilly and Cote de Brouilly
Carbonic maceration
Beaujolais, whole clusters are sealed in a tank and pump in carbon dioxide, short intracellular fermentation, metabolizing glucose and malic acid to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide without yeast
Who inhabited the Abbey at Cluny
Benedictine Monks in the 10th and 11th century
Who acquired large vineyard holdings, including several grand cru vineyards and Clos Vougeot
Cistercian Monks
What years did the Valois Dukes rule Burgundy
1363 to 1477
Who ordered Gamay to be ripped up in favor of Pinot Noir to produce superior wine
Philip the Bold
What Duke promoted hillside viticulture
Philip the Good
Who founded the Hotel Dieu in Beaune
Nicolas Rolin in 1443, a nobleman in the Valois Court
When is the Hospices de Beaune auction held each year
Every third Sunday of November
Napoleonic Code
1804, Napolean required inheritances to be equally split among heirs
Metayage
Sharecropping, farmers leased land from bourgeoisie
Fermage
Leasing arrangements
What negociant is the largest landowner in the Cote d Or
Bouchard Pere and Fils, 130 hectares of vines
Cote d Or geography
Cote d Or Departement, core of Burgundy, 60 km stretch from Dijon to Maranges, unbroken string of vineyards on east and southeast facing limestone escarpment (cotes) whose forested summits mark the region’s western edge
Beaune
Commercial center for wine trade in the Cote d Or
Yonne
Department where Chablis is located (130 km NW of Dijon)
What department is Cote Chalonnaise located in
Saone et Loire (the region takes its name from the city of Chalon sur Saone)
Macon
Capital of Saone et Loire Department and namesake of the Maconnais winegrowing region
True or False: The Maconnais is the second largest area of production for white wine after Chablis in Burgundy
True
What landmark hails the beginning of the Beaujolais region
Monts du Beaujolais, choppy low mountains up to 1000 meters
What department is Beaujolais located in
Rhone (except for the far north which overlaps Maconnais)
Aligote
Second most important white grape in Burgundy, usually in varietal white wines, mostly in Bouzeron in Cote Chalonnaise
What are the four tiers of AOP system in Burgundy
Regionale (50%), Village, Premier (1er) cru, Grand Cru (less than 2%)
Bourgogne AOP
Baseline regional appellation, no Gamay allowed
Coteaux Bourgogne AOP
Similar to Bourgogne AOP, but allows Gamay in red blends
Chitry, Vezelay and Epineuil
Villages in Yonne Departement that may append their names to the Bourgogne AOP
Cote de Beaune-Villages AOP
wines are red, and grapes can be sourced from any village in the Cote de Beaune except Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton and Beaune
Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP
red or rarely white, can be sourced from Fixin, Brochon in the north, Prissey, Corgoloin and Comblanchien in the south
Bourgogne AOP
AOP for varietal wines made only from white Aligote grape
Cremant de Bourgogne
One of two sparkling wine AOPs, production concentrated in and around Rully, where Burgundy sparkling wines were born in the 19th c.
Monopole
vineyard under single ownership, rare in Burgundy
Grand Crus in Burgundy
Single vineyard sites of such reknown that they have achieved their own AOP, independent of the village in which they lie
What is the smallest AOP in France
La Romanee, .85 ha
what is the largest AOP in Burgundy
Corton, cote de Beaune, 160 ha
Cote d’Or Grand Cru
Must be produced from the single, stated vineyard, if two blend their fruit, would be declassified to the village AOP (and could have a premier cru designation)
Benchmark Chablis style
Exemplified at the Premier Cru level, pronounced acidity, medium weight, lees character, intense mineral steely character, no new oak (new oak only used at grand cr level)
Irancy AOP
Red wine appellation for light Pinot Noir based reds in Yonne Department
St-Bris AOP
Only Sauvignon Blanc appellation in Burgundy, in Yonne Department
What is the main ingredient of Cote d’Or soil
Limestone (forged during Jurassic period), some clay. Higher levels of limestone are argillaceous limestone, lower levels are marl or calcareous clay)
Combes
Dry, transverse valleys carved in the last ice age, cut by the last ice age, conduits for cool breezes and hail
Where in the Cote d’Or do most grand crus lay
at a gentle grade of 10% or less, better drained and less
nitrogen rich clay soil than the valley, but more nutrient rich then the top 35% grades
Which direction does the Cote de Nuit face
East
Which direction does the Cote de Beaune face
South East
Cote de Beaune soil
More marl and less limestone than Cote de Nuits (except Montrachet). Generally hillsides are less steep than Cote de Beaune
General features of Cote d’Or red wines
typically aged in oak , 228 liter piece barrels, more oak the higher level wine, 50 to 100% grand crus, 15-18 months in barrel for top reds, all undergo malolactic fermentation
Village appellations from North to south in Cote de Nuits
Marsannay, Fixin, Gevry-Chambertin, Morey-Saint-Denis , Chambolle-Musigny, Vougeot, Vosne-Romanee, Nuits-Saint-Georges
How many Grand Cru Vineyards are the in the Cote de Nuits
24 , all produce red, only one, Musigny, can produce white
Gevrey-Chambertin
Some of the Cote d’Ors greatest Pinot Noir, largest village appellation in the Cote d’Or, greatest number of grand cru vineyards in any single village (9) .
Clos St Jacques
Outstanding premier cru vineyard in Gevrey-Chambertin,, excluded from Grand Cru in 1936 as its borders did not touch Chambertin itself
The nine Grand Crus of Gevrey-Chambertin
Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Charmes-Chambertin, Mazoyères-Chambertin, Chapelle-Chambertin, Griotte-Chambertin, Latricières-Chambertin, Mazis-Chambertin and Ruchottes-Chambertin
The Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny
Musigny and Bonnes Mares (majority)
Les Amoureuses
Outstanding premier cru of Chambolle-Musigny
Grand Crus of Morey-St.-Denis
Clos de tart, Clos de Lambrays, Clos de Roche, Clos St-Denis, sliver of a fifth (Bonnes Mares shared with Chambolle-Musigny)
Clos de Vougeot
Largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits, 50 has, Clos takes up over 80% of planted acreage for village of Vougeot
Grand Crus of Vosne-Romanee
Six, they are La Romanee, La Tache, Romanee-Conti, Richebourge, Romanee-Saint-Vivant, La grande Rue
La Romanee
Grand Cru of Vosne-Romanee, smallest AOP in France at .8 5 ha
What three grand crus in Vosne-Romanee are monopoles
La Tache and Romanee Conti (Domaine de la Romanee Conti) and La Grande Rue (Domaine Francoise Lamarche)
Top Premier Cru sites of Vosne-Romanee
Les Suchots, Les Beaux Monts, Les Petits Mont, Aux Malconsorts, Cros Parentoux (Henri Jayer)
Flagey Echezeaux
Town doesn’t have an appellation, producers use the name of its neighbor Vosne-Romanee. Has two Grand Crus (Echezeaux and Grands-Echezeaux)
What do Clos de Vougeot and Echezeaux have in common
Same criticisms, too large, too many producers of varying quality
Nuits-Saint-Georges wines
Sturdy, long-lived, include vineyards in Nuits-Saint-Georges and Premeaux-Prissey, south are the last villages of the Cote d’Or, Comblanchien and Corgoloin (Cote de Nuits Villages AOP)
What geographical feature marks the start of the Cote de Beaune
Hill of Corton (160 ha hill) covered in vines on all but north side
What is the only red wine producing grand cru in Cote de Beaune
Corton
What is the only white wine producing grand cru in Cote de Nuit
Musigny
What is the largest single Grand Cru appellation in all of Burgundy
Corton
What percentage of Beaune’s vineyards in the village are premier cru
85%
Les Bressandes, Greves, Clos de Mouches
Some of the best vineyards in Beaune village
Les Rugiens and Les Epenots
Best premier crus in Pommard
Les Caillerets, Champans, Clos de Chenes, Taillepieds, Clos de Ducs (monopole of Marquis d’Angerville)
Best premier crus in Volnay
Pommard AOP
Red wines, hard tannic wines, second most full bodied red of the Cote de Beaune after Corton
Meursault
Highest quantity of white wines in Cote d’Or, no grand crus, but several great premier crus
Perrieres, Les Genevrieres, Les Charmes
Some top premier crus of Mersault
Lieu-Dit
Long tradition of labeling village wines in Meursault by these named vineyards
Lieu-Dits of Meursault
Les Narvaux, Les Chevalieres are two
Montrachet
Known as the world’s finest Chardonnay, most age-worthy, most expensive
Le Montrachet and Batard Montrachet
Grand Crus split between Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
top of the hill, grand cru of Cote de Beaune located entirely in Puligny-Montrachet
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
Grand cru on Puligny-Montrachet side of the hill
Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Grand cru, smallest of the Montrachet Grand Crus, entirely in Chassagne-Montrachet
Les Pucelles, Le Cailleret, Les Demoiselles
Best premier crus in Puligny-Montrachet
Which single commune has the most premier crus in the Cote d’Or
Chassagne-Montrachet (55) many are grouped within larger vineyards
Blagny
Small hamlet that produces red wines under its own appellation, but a few hectares devoted to white grapes are sold as Meursault or Puligny-Montrachet depending on vineyard location
Cote Chalonnaise geography
25 km long corridor extending south from Santenay, along the western edge of the Saone River Valley, similar limestone and clay soils as the Cote de Beaune, but less hills, less rugged, many conduits for eastern winds. Smaller hills don’t protect from winds, no contiguous strip of on vineyards, vines broken up, area less dependent on wine
Givry and Mercurey
Best red wine producing AOPs in the Cote Chalonnaise, Mercurey makes 2/3 of the wine for the entire Cote Chalonnaise
Macon AOP
produces red, white and rose wines, including varietal Gamay, producers in whole Maconnais region can use this AOP
What percentage of Macon AOP production is village level
85%
What type of wine is Macon-Villages
Only white wines, village level, 27 communes can append t
Production style of Maconnaise white wine
Chardonnay, fermented and raised in stainless steel without oak, fruitier and more open than Chablis, less mineral and acid than Chablis
What are the village AOPs of the Maconnais
Pouilly-Fuisse, Pouilly-Loche, Pouilly-Vinzelles, Saint-Veran, Vire-Clesse, produce only Chardonnay
What are the four communes of Pouilly-Fuisse
Fuisse, Solutre-Pouilly, Vergisson, Chaintre
Rocks of Solutre and Vergisson
Two large limestone escarpments that define the landscape of the southern Maconnais
Saint Veran
Second best known Maconnais AOP wine after Pouilly Fuisse
Vire Clesse
Youngest appellation of Maconnais, 1999
Georges Duboeuf
Beaujolais region’s largest producer
Where is Les Genevrières
Meursault
Montrecul
a Bourgogne AOP lieu-dit in the Côte de Nuits
Comte Georges de Vogüé
The sole producer of Musigny Blanc
Other than Pommard and Volnay, which commune of the Côte de Beaune produces red wines exclusively
Blagny
Does Marsannay produce Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP wines
NO
Where is Marangas
Cote de Beaune
Within Morey-Saint-Denis are four grands crus—the Clos de Tart, Clos de Lambrays, Clos de la Roche, and Clos St-Denis—and a sliver of a fifth, Bonnes Mares. Which one is a monopole?
Clos de Tart
Domaines Dujac and Ponsot
Some of the top addresses in Morey-St-Denis
