Bureaucracy Unit Flashcards
“A” Bureaucracy
general definition; clearly defined levels with set tasks/roles
“The” Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy of the US
Characteristics of a Bureaucracy
Levels; Specialization; SOP; Expertise
SOP
Standard Operation Procedure; red tape; set protocols making it difficult
Article II
Create Bureaucracy; gives executive poser to create departments
Informal Amendments
Create Bureaucracy; Cabinet
Theory of Bureaucracy
Efficient;
Reality of Bureaucracy
not efficient; red-tape; to big to work; to big=wasteful spending; can’t get rid of it bc of power
Trade responsiveness for…
Fairness
Trade Effectiveness for…
Efficiency; not effective bc not responsive
Trade professional independence for…
Accountability; people have skills but can’t use them because of strict process/restrictions
Sources of Power
essential; specific knowledge; size; discretion
Discretion
choice- doesn’t matter how you get there just that you do
Agencies and Admisinstrtion
one person in charge with broad responsibility; similar to cabinet just not permanent
Commissions
regulates how to do things
Cabinet Departments
Headed by secretary except for justice
Regulatory Agencies
quasi(kind of) power; makes rules for area of regulation; determine punishments
Government Corporations
can be private; ex: mail
Executive Agencies
day to day of gov; “left overs”; service rather than regulation; NASA
Patronage/Spoil System
Didn’t need qualifications; friendship and loyalty are more important; Andrew Jackson(noticed scandals)
Assassination of Garfield
bc he didn’t give someone the job; realized spoil system was an issue
Pendleton Act
ended spoil system; jobs are based on merit
Hatch Act
take politics out of civil service; can’t run for or campaign while working civil service
Service Reform Act
OPM; referee; based on job performance; score exams for position; makes bureaucracy fair
Shared Authority
inefficient; takes longer for bills to be passed; president elects roles, congress controls bureaucracy
Federalism=Wasteful
Two of One Job
Growth of Bureaucracy
Argued to be imperialism
Modern Discretion
Increases- make more choices
Myth: DC
Bureaucrats live in DC- live where the people live
Myth: Disparity
difference btw public opinion and experience- public opinion says ineffective but experience says effective(social security)
Iron Triangle
SUBGOV; outdated; problems are to complicated: 1 IG, 1 Bureaucratic Agency, 1 Congressional Committee
Issue Network
over lapping roles; fluid and flexible
Impact of Bureaucracy
Regulation and Economy- execute and regulate what happens
OPM(office of personal management)
in charge of hiring for most agencies; appointed by president confirmed by senate; names sent to agencies for available jobs-3 per
GS(general schedule) rating
1-18; salaries can be keyed to rating/experience
Senior Executive Service
top notch federal employee of the civil service sector
Plum Book
list of people for direct presidential appointment
Political Appointees
Don’t last long; rely on civil servants; loyalty
independent regulatory commission
make/enforce rules to protect public interest in economy; each made up of 5-10 members appointed by president and confirmed by senate; can’t be fired
policy implementation
stage of policymaking two establishment of policy and results of policy
Why plans fail
Program design; lack of clarity/resources/authority; administrative routine(SOP); disposition/discretion(don’t do things they don’t want to); fragmentation
Successful Implementation Example
Voting Rights Act 1965; clear goal w/ straight forward implementation
regulations
gov authority to control/change private sector practices
Munn v Illinois
gave gov ability to regulate charges and services
command-control policy
typical; gov says how to reach goals and check that they follow; offenders are punished
incentive system
alternative to command-control; market like strategies to manage public policy
deregulation
lifting of gov restrictions on business
problems with regulation
raising price; foreign good are cheaper; low quality work
Presidents tactics to control
appoint; issue exec orders; change budget; reorganize agencies
Congress tactics to control congress
influence appointment; alter budget; hold hearings(announce agency abuses); rewrite/make legislation
