Bulong Flashcards
Which of the following would increase the P50 in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve? A. Decreased temperature B. Decreased carbon dioxide C. Decreased pH D. Decreased 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate
C
All of the following decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen EXCEPT: A. Carbon monoxide B. pH below 7 C. Presence of 2-3 Bisphosphoglycerate D. Carbon Dioxide
A
Which of the following directly influences a solution’s power of hydrogen? A. Concentration of hydroxide ions B. Concentration of protons C. Mass of hydroxide ions D. Mass of hydrogen ions
B
The following acids have corresponding pKas: X = 3.5, Y = 7, Z = 7.2. Which of the following is considered the weakest acid?
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. the data is incomplete for a conclusion
A
The following are lipid components of membranes, except: A. gangliosides B. sphingomyelin C. cholesterol D. triacylglycerol
D
A certain disease is due to the formation of salt bridges between amino acids within an important protein. Which of the following amino acids might be responsible for the disease? A. Glutamate and cysteine B. Cysteine and methionine C. Lysine and aspartic acid D. Alanine and phenylalanine
C
The process of translation is responsible for which of the following?
A. Producing a fully functional protein molecule
B. Creating a single strand of mRNA molecule
C. Enabling post-translational modifications to occur
D. Linking amino acids together via peptide bonds
D
Which of the following events is TRUE regarding denaturation of proteins?
A. Denaturation happens when you mix proteins and detergents
B. Denaturation means destruction or unraveling of the protein’s peptide bonds
C. It is a permanent, spontaneous event
D. It needs chaperones to facilitate a speedy reaction
A
which among the following amino acids will you most probably see at the center of the hypothetical amino acid blob?
A. Valine and tryptophan
B. Arginine and cysteine
C. Serine and threonine
D. Asparagine and aspartic acid
A
The lipid bilayer can be best described as p
A. Composed mostly of proteins with interspersed lipid and carbohydrate molecules
B. A barrier disallowing the passage of most water-soluble molecules
C. Composed of a layer of phospholipids arranged concentrically D. A barrier allowing ions such as Cl- to freely pass through
C
The sequence of the first amino acids of polypeptide 1 is EWAN while those of two polypeptide is MALAY. Which of The following statement is TRUE regarding the protein structure?
A. it is a homodimer
B. the primary structure of each polypeptide is defined as an alphahelix
C. hydrogen bonds are responsible for the secondary structure D. this protein can be considered insoluble in water
C
A protein in its denatured state:
A. loses its biologic activity
B. becomes more soluble in an aqueous solution
C. is hydrolyzed to its constituent amino acids
D. all of the above
A
Rate limiting SUBSTRATE(not the same sa Enzyme ah ) of Purine synthesis
PRPP
Ratelimiting enzyme of purine synthesis
PRPP-Gln Amidotransferase
Rate limiting enzyme and most impt. enz in glycolysis
PFK
For glycogenesis
Glycogen synthase/synthetase
For glycogenolisis
Glycogen phosphorylase
Rate limiting enzyme ng gluconeogenesis
fructose 2,6 bisphosphatase
The only cell in our body which is capable of utilizing ONLY GLUCOSE for its source of energy
RBC
also uses fatty acids as its source of energy
Heart
Liver - produces ketones but does not use it bec. it lacks the enz
3-ketoacyl transferase
Vit D Def in adults
Osteomalacia
Function of vit B5
active form: constituent of Coenzyme-A
- used as cofactor for acyl transferase
- component of fatty acid synthase
Products of PPP
Ribose-5-phosphate and
NADPH
used for purine/pyrimidine (nucleotide) synthesis
Ribose 5 posphate
Def. of vit b1
Beriberi
Carbs to fats - yes, bec. of
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Fats to carbs - no bec. rxn of
PDH is irreversible
One way
ATP acts as an allosteric activator of
aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase
Which of the following two enzymes are thought to be the major control enzymes of the TCA cycle
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
ATP acts as an allosteric activator of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase). This means that
A. The substrate saturation curve for Aspartate and ATCase shifts to the left, signifying increased affinity of ATCase for its substrate
True of phosphofructokinase
A. It is inhibited when the cell is rich in ATP
True of the citric acid cycle
It is involved in both anabolic and catabolic cellular pathways
How many ATP can be formed from 1 mole of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle
10
Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to the glycogen primer in the form of
UDP glucose
What is the effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the following enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism
A. activates phosphorylase kinase and inhibitor-1; inactivates glycogen synthase (NOT SURE IF THIS IS INCLUDED IN OUR FINAL EXAM
Unlike liver glycogen, muscle glycogen cannot be used for the maintenance of blood glucose level because muscles lack
Glucose 6 phosphate
C2 of Purine
N10 - Formyl THF
C2 of Pyrimidine
CO2
Von Gierke’s Disease
Glucose-6phosphate-dehydrogenase
Cytochrome P450 is involved in the synthesis of this hormone
Aldosterone
How many high energy phosphates does ATP have
2
Which of the following has the highest affinity for electrons
Oxygen
The growing fatty acid chain on the fatty acid synthase complex is elongated
two at a time, with the carbons added derived from malonyl-CoA
Odd-chain long fatty acid breakdown produces
BOTH acetyl-coA and ProprionylcoA
Which of the following uses fatty acids as its primary source of energy in the well-fed state
Heart
In the citrate shuttle, citrate is transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm in exchange for which of the following
Malate
Which of the following carries trigylcerides from the INTESTINES to the adipose tissues
Chylomicrons
Degradation of ketone bodies would yield which of the following
Acetyl Coa
Glucagon stimulates
A. Fatty acid esterification in adipose tissues B. activation of hormone sensitive lipase C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
An 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid in trans configuration
Elaidic acid
The facial flushing and rapid heart rate associated with intake of alcoholic beverages is due to the increased level of
ACETALDEHYDE
The density of the lipoproteins is directly proportional to
A. the total concentration of the lipid component
B. the concentration of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester
C. the concentration of triacylglycerol
-D. the concentration of the protein component
True of Cholesterol
Its esterified form is a major constituent of the plasma membrane B. It is an alternative source of ATP via betaoxidation in the absence of free fatty acids
-C. Its free form is amphipathic
D. All of the above
What is the difference between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis
D. The final product in fatty acid synthesis is a 16- carbon compound while the final product in cholesterol synthesis is a 27-carbon compound
True of bile acids
When conjugated, they become more water soluble
