Bullying and Youth

Question 1

Defining bullying academically

Answer 1

Dynamic: Perpetrator(s) and target(s) and peer group

Perpetrators- higher social status; target- less (social capital)

Classic Definition: when a person is exposed, repeatedly, to negative actions on the part of one or more persons

Intentional acts that inflict (or attempt) injury, fear, discomfort or harm upon another (Olweus, 1999)- definition commonly used in research

Question 2

Patterns of bullying

Answer 2

Age is an important factor, and happens most often in the early years (Middle school peak)

Pattern over time (and decreases during high school)

Intervention (HS vs MS)- more effective in middle school than in high school

Question 3

Terminology Bullying

Answer 3

Verbal: through words/speaking (teasing, taunting, name-calling, may threaten) (males and females engage in this type of bullying)

Physical: -physical contact (hitting, kicking, pushing, spitting, locking inside a room, punching, shoving) (male, younger) (most likely recognized)

Question 4

Cyber Bullying

Answer 4

Emotional: Deliberate intent/act to emotionally hurt someone; inducing stress, anxiety, depression, fear (females)

Social (Relational): affects relations (gossip, exclusion from the group, being ignored, spreading rumors, manipulation of relationships or friendships) (female corrections)

Question 5

Bullying and the Law

Answer 5

Psychological: affects the psychological well-being (loss of self-esteem, intimidation, torment, extortion) (males and females engage in this)

Power: Imbalance: by age, gender, status, grade, ability, etc

Question 6

Bullying by Sexuality (Hinduja and Patchim, 2010)

Answer 6

Deliberate: Intentional, (aimed at a specific person, meant to cause harm or distress) (males and females)

Question 7

Cyberbullying, Sexuality, and Gender (Hinduja and Patchim, 2010)

Answer 7

Direct: face to face (known to target)

Indirect: behind the back; cyberbullying (online or done anonymously)

Question 8

What is cyberbullying?

Answer 8

Technology increases: methods of bullying

Definition: when individuals use electronics, through cell phone or the internet to threaten and harass their peers

Issues: anonymity, ease, fast distribution

Identity anonymous, remains unpunished ( lack of consequences) Outside of school, victim can be reached any time (older hs experience)

Question 9

Bullying and the law

Answer 9

Criminal Harassment: repeated torment online causing person to fear safety Increasing

Child pornography: sharing intimate photos of someone under 18 years of age (even subject)

Publishing Intimate images without consent (added in 2015 sec 162.1) (e.g., “revenge porn”)

Utter threats and extortion: threaten to share personal info/other to get them to do something

Identity theft/fraud: create a fake online profile to ruin someone’s reputation

Defamatory libel: spread rumors (untrue/ruin reputation)

Assault: threats or acts of non-consensual force

Question 10

Bullying and Suicide

Answer 10

Meta-analysis: analysis of previous research on a subject

37 studies: bullying and suicide (Foreman, 2015) association/correction; cannot establish causation

2SLGBTGI+ teens- greater risks of suicide connected to bullying and harassment