Building techniques

Question 1

How can buildings be designed to withstand earthquakes?

Answer 1

By using stronger materials like reinforced concrete or building special foundations that absorb an earthquake’s energy

Question 2

What has happened to construction laws in some earthquake-prone countries (Japan and US)

Answer 2

They have become stricter, meaning newer buildings are more likely to be able to withstand earthquakes

Question 3

How can buildings be designed to withstand eruptions?

Answer 3

Can’t be designed to withstand lava flows, but can be strengthened so they’re less likely to collapse due to the weight of falling ash

Question 4

Give an example of when lava from a volcano was diverted away from settlements using barriers

Answer 4

Etna in Italy erupted in 1983 a rubble barrier 10 m high and 500 m long was built on its slope, which successfully diverted the lava flow

Question 5

How can buildings be built to withstand tsunamis?

Answer 5

Designed with raised, open foundations and made of strong materials such as concrete are less likely to be damaged by the force of water during a tsunami

Question 6

What has happened in Hokkaido, Japan to protect settlements from tsunamis?

Answer 6

Tsunami walls have been built around settlements

Question 7

What is the problem with tsunami wall?

Answer 7

Not always effective, some tsunamis have overtopped them