building blocks and macromolecules

Question 1

what are mostly all molecules composed of?

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

what are the difference macromolecules?

Answer 2

DNA, RNA, protein, and polysaccharides, phospholipids

Question 3

what percentage of the composition of bacterial cells are water?

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

what are the four families of organic molecules?

Answer 4

sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides

Question 5

what is the polymer for monosaccharides

Answer 5

polysaccharides, glycogen, and starch

Question 6

what is the intermediate of sugars

Answer 6

oligosaccharide

Question 7

what is the polymer for fatty acids

Answer 7

fats and membrane lipids

Question 8

what is the polymer for amino acids

Answer 8

proteins (polypeptide)

Question 9

what is the polymer for nucleotides

Answer 9

nucleic acids

Question 10

what is the intermediate for amino acids

Answer 10

peptide

Question 11

what is the intermediate for nucleotides

Answer 11

oligonucleotide

Question 12

is energy released in condensation or hydrolysis

Answer 12

hydrolysis

Question 13

is water released in hydrolysis or condensation

Answer 13

condensation

Question 14

which macromolecules use condensation/hydolysis

Answer 14

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 15

what is the formula for the subunit for carbohydrates

Answer 15

(C1H2O1)n

Question 16

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 16

sources of stored energy, transport chemical energy in covalent bonds, skeletons for other molecules

Question 17

3-carbon

Answer 17

trioses

Question 18

5-carbon

Answer 18

pentoses

Question 19

6-carbon

Answer 19

hexoses

Question 20

are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 20

philic

Question 21

what is the structure of carbs?

Answer 21

rings

Question 22

what type of covalent bond links monosaccharides?

Answer 22

glycosidic

Question 23

what are the four parts of an amino acid?

Answer 23

central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, single hydrogen, the “R group”

Question 24

what is the amino group

Answer 24

H3N+

Question 25

what is the carboxyl group?

Answer 25

O-C=O

Question 26

What is the R group

Answer 26

they are attached to the central carbon which makes up the 20 different amino acids

Question 27

what type of covalent bond links together peptides/amino acids to form proteins

Answer 27

peptide linkage

Question 28

What are the ends of polypeptides called?

Answer 28

amino or N terminus and carboxyl or C terminus

Question 29

Are polypeptides flexible?

Answer 29

just the R groups surrounding the polypeptide are flexible which allow the chain to twist

Question 30

what are the parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 30

sugar, phosphate, and base

Question 31

which macromolecule makes up RNA and DNA?

Answer 31

nucleotides

Question 32

what are the bases of nucleotides?

Answer 32

they are nitrogen-containing rings that are either pyrimidine or purine

Question 33

which bases are pyrimidine

Answer 33

CUT the py(pie) - cytosine, uracil, and thymine

Question 34

which bases are purine

Answer 34

pure As Gold - adenine and guanine

Question 35

which base is in RNA that is not in DNA

Answer 35

uracil

Question 36

which base is in DNA that is not in RNA

Answer 36

thymine

Question 37

how are nucleotides named?

Answer 37

after the nitrogenous base they contain

Question 38

how do sugar groups differ from DNA and RNA?

Answer 38

both has pentose which is a five-carbon sugar RNA: ribonucleic acid, OH on 2' carbon DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, just H on 2' carbon

Question 39

what type of covalent bonds do nucleotides join through?

Answer 39

phosphodiester bonds

Question 40

how do nucleotides join together

Answer 40

The OH on the 3' carbon attaches to the 5' group

Question 41

What are the ends of nucleotides?

Answer 41

the 5' and 3' end that creates polarity

Question 42

which side of the fatty acid is hydrophobic

Answer 42

the tails, the heads are hydrophilic

Question 43

what functional group is the head of fatty acids made of

Answer 43

carboxylic acid

Question 44

what makes up the membranes of cells

Answer 44

phospholipids

Question 45

what is stored in the cytosol in droplets as an energy reserve?

Answer 45

triacylglycerols

Question 46

how many fatty acid tails are attached to each head?

Answer 46

two

Question 47

which macromolecule uses no covalent bonds?

Answer 47

phospholipids

Question 48

what is the function of phospholipids

Answer 48

major membrane lipids, create a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults