Building Analysis Flashcards
What are 3 ways of field measuring?
- electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)
- reflector less electromagnetic distance measurement (REDM)
- Laser scanning = produces a 3D image
What are the first 3 priorities when renovating a historic structure?
- Determine if it is a historic landmark
- Determine which of the 4 treatment options which will be undertaken
- Survey the structure
If a building is a national historic landmark, who determines the renovation requirements?
The National Park Service
What are the 4 treatment options for a historic building?
- preservation = attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair
- rehabilitation = emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement, typically because the property is more deteriorated before work begins
- restoration = focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property’s history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods
- reconstruction = the least historically accurate because it allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in NEW materials
What are the 3 types of survey you should do before renovation an existing or historic structure?
- site survey
- structural survey
- architectural survey = determine whether original or historic elements have been removed or altered and, if so, what their original appearance was.
How is the programming stage defined?
programming = the stage of defining the problem and establishing all the guidelines and needs on which the design process can be based. It is a time for analyzing all aspects of the problem and distilling its complexities into a few clear statements.
What are the 5 process steps of a popular programming method?
- Establish the goals
- goals = the client’s objectives and reasons behind them - Collect & organize facts
- facts = the existing conditions and requirements for meeting a client’s goals - Uncovering concepts
- programming concepts = abstract solutions for the client’s problems that do not define the specific, physical means that will be used to achieve the solutions. They become the basis for later design concepts. - Determining needs
- balance the client’s desires against available budget
or
- establish a budget based on the defined goals and needs - Stating the problem
- problem statements = the bridge between programming and the design process in which client and architect agree on what are the most important aspects of the problem
What is the ultimate goal of programming?
summarizing the essence of the problem in a few succinct problem statements
What are the 4 elements of cost?
- Quantity
- Quality
- Budget
- Time
What are the 4 minimum problem statements that the programming phase should identify?
- function = relates to people and activities within the space/building and their relationships
- form = relates to the site, the buildings physical and physiological environment, and construction quality
- economy = initial costs, operation costs, and life-cycle costs
- time = the past, present, and future as they affect the other 3 considerations
What is the programmatic concept of priority?
Priority establishes and order of importance among things such as size of spaces, position of spaces relative in one another, and social and cultural values expressed through architecture
What is the programmatic concept of relationships?
Relationships include the affinities of people and activities. Common because it most directly affects the organization of spaces and rooms.
What is the programmatic concept of hierarchy?
Hierarchy relates to the exercise or expression of authority through physical symbols.
What is the programmatic concept of character?
Character is a response to the image that the client wants to project. It is a combination of the look and aesthetic feel of the environment. Often reflected in design concepts that involve the building’s size, shape, materials, organization, and other physical aspects.
What is the programmatic concept of density?
Density – typically rated low, medium, high – describes how a parcel of land or individual building or space is used.
What is the programmatic concept of service groupings?
Service groupings include building services (mech, elec, comm, plumbing, other support).
What is the programmatic concept of activity grouping?
Activity grouping is a determination of whether activities should be integrated and grouped together or separated and compartmentalized. (ie. if the goal is to create an intimate dining experience in a restaurant, the response could be compartmentalizing a number of small, private dining areas)
What is the programmatic concept of people grouping?
People grouping is concerned with how people are placed together based on their physical, social, and emotional characteristics.
What is the programmatic concept of home base?
Home base is related to the concept of territoriality and is a place where a person can maintain his or her individuality.
What is the programmatic concept of communications?
Communications promotes the effective exchange of information or ideas by examining who communicates with whom and how exchanges are conducted.
What is the programmatic concept of neighbors?
Neighbors refers to how the project will promote or prevent sociality and how the building or facility will relate to surrounding facilities. (ie 2 buildings share an entry court to foster interaction and community between users of both bldgs)
What is the programmatic concept of accessibility?
Accessibility is concerned with entry into a building and with making the facility accessible to all, regardless of familiarity with the facility or physical capabilities.
What is the programmatic concept of separated flow?
Separated flow relates to segregating the flow of people, automobiles, service access, and other building activities.
What is the programmatic concept of mixed flow?
Mixed flow is intended to promote interaction among people. The opposite of separated flow.
What is the programmatic concept of sequential flow?
Sequential flow is often needed for both people and objects where a specific series of events or processes is needed. (ie art museum or factory)
What is the programmatic concept of orientation?
Orientation is concerned with keeping people from feeling lost within a larger context, often by providing a point of reference within a building or group of buildings.
What is the programmatic concept of flexibility?
Flexibility includes 3 different components:
Expansibility: how a building can accommodate growth through expansion
Convertibility: how a building can allow for changes in function through the conversion of spaces
Versatility: provides for several different activities with multifunctional spaces.
What is the programmatic concept of tolerance?
Tolerance allows some extra space for activity that is likely to change in the future, rather than fitting the space precisely.
What is the programmatic concept of safety?
Safety is focused on how to minimize the risk of injury or death. Building codes and other safety precautions are closely tied to this.
What is the programmatic concept of security controls?
Security controls are ways that both people and property can be protected, with the degree of security based on the value of the potential loss.
What is the programmatic concept of energy conservation?
Energy conservation can be achieved in several ways, such as by keeping the heated or cooled area to a minimum, keep heating flow to a minimum, using materials produced by low amounts of energy, by using recycled materials, or by using recyclable materials.
What is the programmatic concept of environmental controls?
Environmental controls are controls designed to meet human comfort needs, both mechanical and natural means of climate control. (ie air temperature, light, sound, humidity)
What is the programmatic concept of phasing?
Phasing is concerned with completing the project in stages to meet time and cost schedules. Also concerned with whether the project can use linear phasing or concurrent scheduling to meet urgent occupancy requirements.
What is the programmatic concept of cost control?
Cost control is concerned with establishing a realistic preview of costs and a balanced budget to meet the client’s available funds.
What are 2 important factors in determines building size and configuration?
- amount of space needed for activities in the building.
2. relationships among spaces
What are the 4 methods to determine the amount of space needed for activities in the building? Which method is the most common?
- the client’s requirements
- the number of people who must be accommodated = the most common method
- an object or piece of equipment (size and clearances)
- any activity that has clearly defined space needs
