bug things (exam 3) Flashcards
list 4 insects orders
- Dipthera (flies)
- Siphonaptera (fleas)
- Phthiraptera (lice)
- hemiptera (bed bugs)
what are 2 examples of arachnids
acari –
- TICKS
- MITES
T/F
a mite is an insect
FALSE
T/F
a tick is an insect
FALSE
how many legs do adult insects have
3 pairs
describe the body of an insect
head thorax and abdomen parts
T/F
insects have antenna
TRUE
where do larva develop for stomoxys calcitrans
in damp hay/decaying organic matter
T/F
treating compost is a great way to rid of the stomoxys calcitrans
FALSE – but treat the animal and the environment
species of fly that sits on the walls with its head up
stable fly – stomoxys calcitrans
where do the females of haematobia irritans lay their eggs
in FRESH FECES
T/F
both the male and female cullicoides take blood meal
FALSE – only the female does
what do all adult flies have in common
NUISANCE
what is the best prevention method for cullicoides spp
lower standing water, avoid marshy pastures
T/F
the pupal stage of Cuterebra spp can be found on the host
FALSE – NEVER PUPAL STAGE ON HOST
common name of hypoderma spp instar
cattle grub
**overwinter phase as this stage
T/F
chickens can have sucking lice
FALSE – only chewing lice
Are fleas or lice more host specific
LICE
best prevention for fleas
environmental control
–mow lawn, vacuum, allow pet to roam in usual places once treated
How many pairs of legs do acari
nymphs and adults - 4 pairs of legs
larva - 3 pairs of legs
describe the body of acari
cephalo-thorax and abdomen
T/F
acari have antenna
FALSE
T/F
acari have palps
TRUE
Life cycle of fleas
ELPA
describe where Fleas can be found in their life cycle
95% is in the environment – treat environment!!
5% (adult fleas) on the host animal
Insect that is wingless with long legs, spines and combs
FLEAS
Ctenocephalides felis / canis HOST
dogs and cats
what is Ctenocephalides felis
a cat FLEA
where is Ctenocephalides felis found
skin of back, ventral abdomen, inner thighs
cats face
what is Ctenocephalides felis a vector for
D. caninum – cestode
A. reconditium – looks like heartworm with mff in blood
T/F
a single bite from Ctenocephalides felis can cause a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
TRUE – you will see a dog with a bare butt
What is Echidnophaga spp. ?
A bird FLEA
what is the host of Echidnophaga spp.
Fowl
what is the common name of Echidnophaga spp.
stick tight flea
*has a blunt head and is smaller than the cat/dog flea
where on the host is Echidnophaga spp.
wattles, head, comb, eyes
what does Echidnophaga spp. cause in fowl
irritation
blood loss
anemia
“blood sucking lice”
Anoplura
highly pathogenic order of lice that causes anemia and skin damage
ANOPLURA
slow moving lice that have a pointed nose
Anoplura
also called the dog sucking louse
Lingonathus Setosus
host of Lingonathus Setosus
DOGS
what does Lingonathus Setosus do to dogs
lowers the body condition
Ovine face/body Louse
Lingonathus Ovillus
Ovine foot louse
Lingonathus Pedalis
host of Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis
sheep and goats
when does Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis proliferate most
WINTER
what order do Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis belong to
anoplura
what is the host of Haematopinus Suis ?
pigs
what order does Haematopinus Suis belong
anoplura
common name of Haematopinus Suis
sucking louse of swine
where on the pig is Haematopinus Suis
neck, jowl, flank, legs
FAT ROLLS OF PIGS
host of Haematopinus eurysternus
cattle
common name of Haematopinus eurysternus
short nose cattle louse
T/F
Haematopinus eurysternus is gregarious
TRUE
where do you find Haematopinus eurysternus on the cattle
HEAD, ears, eyes, nostrils
Haematopinus eurysternus order
anoplura – sucking louse
Lingonathus Vituli host
cattle
Lingonathus Vituli common name
long nose cattle louse
where do you find Lingonathus Vituli on cattle
DEWLAP, head and neck
T/F
Lingonathus Vituli is gregarious
TRUE
Lingonathus Vituli order
Anoplura
Solenopotes capillatus host
cattle
Solenopotes capillatus order
anoplura
Solenopotes capillatus locations on cattle
FACE, neck, dewlap, back, tail
Solenopotes capillatus common name
little blue cattle louse
Biting/chewing lice with a wide head
Ischnocera - chewing lice
what do Ischnocera cause clinically
alopecia, pruritis, restlessness, scratching
Trichodectes canis order
Ischnocera – chewing louse
Trichodectes canis host
DOGS
Trichodectes canis location on host
ears, neck, tail, head
Trichodectes canis is a vector of what cestode
D. caninum
Felicola subrostratus order
ischnocera – chewing louse
Felicola subrostratus host
CATS
Felicola subrostratus location on host
face, ears, back
Felicola subrostratus identification?
triangular posterior of head
common in elderly or chronically ill cats as well as long haired cat breeds
Felicola subrostratus – chewing cat louse
Damalinia bovis host
cattle
Damalinia bovis order
ischnocera – chewing louse
Damalinia bovis location on host
head, poll, neck, rump or tail
Damalinia ovis location
in wool
Damalinia ovis order
ischnocera – chewing louse
Damalinia ovis host
sheep and goats
Damalinia bovis and ovis season of favored proliferation
WINTER
species of ischnocera with black lines on the abdomen
Damalinia bovis and Damalinia ovis
avian lice order
ischnocera – chewing louse
avian lice host
chickens
avian lice location
depends on species
what do avian lice do to the chicken
feed on the feathers and cause feather plucking
two species of maggot flies
- cochliomyia hominivorax
2. sarcophagidae spp.
Which species of maggot fly must be reported to authorities
cochliomyia hominivorax – screwworms
was eradicated but was seen in florida recently in deer
maggot fly that is bluish green and has 3 stripes on the thorax
cochliomyia hominivorax
cochliomyia hominivorax common name
screwworms
T/F
cochliomyia hominivorax can mate multiple times
FALSE - one and done entire life for females
** a good prevention is to release sterile males
screwworm larvae feed on what
they feed invasively on living tissue
site of infestation of screwworms / cochliomyia hominivorax
eggs laid in FRESH UNINFECTED wounds
what can cochliomyia hominivorax cause
blow fly strike
foul smelling lesions
RAPID DEATH
sarcophagidae spp. common name
flesh flies
2x size of a housefly
sarcophagidae spp.
Where do sarcophagidae spp. infect/lay first stage instars
INFECTED wounds
they like to be in blood or bloody secretions
Wool soiled with urine or feces
treatment and prevention for sarcophagidae spp.
sanitation and immediate wound treatment
Hemiptera
Cimex spp – bed bugs
cimex spp host
nesting bird, bats, HUMANS
Life cycle for hemiptera
eggs - nymph (5x molts) - adult
How long can a bed bug (cimex spp) live without blood meal
more than 5 months
what do cimex spp cause clinically
they are blood suckers so blood loss and also allergic reactions to the bites
what is a cimex spp schedule like?
they hide during the day and feed at night
T/F
bot flies are flies
FALSE
they are LARVA :)
bot fly of cats and dogs
Cuterebra
Cuterebra common name
rabbit / rodent bot fly
where does Cuterebra like to live
the neck and nasal cavity
If an dog or cat comes in and is “leaking” or has wet fur and a fluid drip what is this?
Cuterebra
DO NOT SQUISH IT AHHHHH
what can Cuterebra cause in your dog or cat
allergic reactions - type 1 hypersensitivity
what are the two species of hypoderma
H. lineatum
H. bovis
where does hypoderma lineatum like to live
the esophagus
where does hypoderma bovis
the spinal cord
what is super duper critical about hypoderma in cattle and why?????
TREATMENT TIMING
you treat in the FALL before the larva get to their predilected sites
if you treat in the wrong time:
H. lineatum – bloat
H. bovis – Paraplegia and paralysis – death
if treated at the wrong time will cause paraplegia in you cow and make them sad
hypoderma bovis – because the larva will die and rot away in the spinal cord
bot fly of sheep and goats
oestrus ovis
common name of oestrus ovis
Sheep nasal bot
oestrus ovis locations
nasal cavity and sinuses and brain
what does oestrus ovis cause clinically
“snotty nose”
high mucus secretions and irritated sheep
when should you treat for oestrus ovis
Winter and summer (2x a year)
boy fly of horses
gasterophilus
two species of gasterophilus
gasterophilus intestinalis
gasterophilus nasalis
gasterophilus intestinalis vs gasterophilus nasalis hatching times?
G. intestinalis hatches WHEN LICKED
G. nasalis hatches SPONTANEOUSLY
where are the eggs of gasterophilus intestinalis placed
on the forelegs of the horses
where are the eggs of gasterophilus nasalis placed
on the mouth of horse
gasterophilus species enter what part of the body and then what happens
stomach – passed in feces – pupate to adult
what species belong to muscidae
musca domestica
musca autumnalis
musca calcitrans
musca irritans
muscidae common characteristics
4 longitudinal dark stripes on the thorax
sanitation and insecticides are important
what are muscidae an intermediate host for??
Habronema and Drashia nematode in horses – causes summer sores
also called the face fly
musca autumnalis
Two types of muscidae with spongy mouthparts that feed on secretions
musca autumnalis (face fly) musca domestica (house fly)
location of musca autumnalis on host
near face and eyes
can cause keratoconjunctivitis
musca autumnalis – face fly
T/F
musca autumnalis will always be found outside
TRUE
also called the house fly
musca domestica
where will you find musca domestica
on the body of host – can be in or outside
also called the stable fly
stomoxys calcitrans
**vector for many diseases
muscidae spp with proboscis – biting is painful and they feed on blood
stomoxys calcitrans
how long does it take stomoxys calcitrans to finish a blood meal
3 minutes
issue with fly annoyance
can interfere with grazing and therefore lower animal performance
“true bugs”
hemiptera – cimex spp – bed bugs
life cycle of fleas
ELPA
only adult on patient, rest in environment
life cycle of lice (phithriptera)
ENNNA all on host
life cycle of diptera (flies/mosquitoes)
ELPA
what is myiasis
FLY STIKE
larva in flesh
list 4 blood sucking flies
- haematobia irritans
- tabanus/chrysops spp
- cullicoides
- melophagus ovinus
also called the Horn Fly
haematobia irritans
host of haematobia irritans
Cattle
sits around the horns when not feeding
haematobia irritans
where does haematobia irritans feed
back, sides, abdomen
blood sucking fly with a shorter proboscis and causes a lowered weight gain and milk production in cattle
haematobia irritans
also called “biting midges” or “no-see-ums”
cullicoides spp
smallest blood sucking muscid
haematobia irritans
T/F
haematobia irritans has an overwintering pupa stage
TRUE
pathogenesis of haematobia irritans
feed in thousands – severe irritation (>200 = economic losses)
T/F
haematobia irritans can transmit cattle helminths
TRUE
T/F
haematobia irritans remain on host unless the female is laying eggs
TRUE
**lays eggs in fresh feces
host of cullicoides spp
all domestic animals and humans
what do cullicoides spp transmit in horses
Onchocerca cervicalis
also called the horse fly
Tabanus spp
largest blood sucking fly
Tabanus spp
also called the deer fly
chrysops spp
between chrysops and tabanus spp which has longer antenna
chrysops – long antenna
tabanus – short antenna
Tabanus / Chrysops spp mouthparts
slashing and sponging – PAINFUL BITE
bites in shaded areas, animals will stand out in the sun just to avoid them
Chrysops spp
Also called sheep ked / tick
Melophagus ovinus – NOT A TICK actually a FLY
type of mouth on Melophagus ovinus
blood sucking
describe Melophagus ovinus appearance
wingless and hairy – may be mistaken as a tick bc no wings but it is a fly
T/F
entire life cycle of Melophagus ovinus is on the host
TRUE
when is proliferation of Melophagus ovinus highest
in the autumn and winter (wool is longest)
what does Melophagus ovinus cause clinically
anemia (blood sucking fly) wool damage (live in the wool)
when do Melophagus ovinus adults emerge
3 weeks into the summer
T/F
Melophagus ovinus female produces one egg that hatches inside her body
TRUE
site of infestation for Melophagus ovinus
wool
host of Melophagus ovinus
SHEEP
non-burrowing mites life cycle
ELNA
how to diagnose non burrowing mites?
skin scrape or adhesive tape
reportable non burrowing mite
Psoroptes ovis
common name of chorioptes bovis
Foot Mite
Leg Mite
“itchy heel”
hosts of chorioptes bovis
cattle
small ruminants
horses
when does chorioptes bovis show the most
LATE winter
what is chorioptes bovis
a non burrowing mite
where does chorioptes bovis live
legs, feet, tail head, udder
Psoroptes ovis host
sheep and cattel
Psoroptes ovis common name
sheep scab mite
non burrowing mite that causes moist borders of a lesion with a serous exudate
Psoroptes ovis
what will Psoroptes ovis cause in sheep
damaged wool
also called the Ear Mite
otodectes cynotis
host of otodectes cynotis
dogs
cats
human
cat is constantly shaking her head and scratching her ears….
otodectes cynotis
you swab the kitty ears and see black exudate SOS what is this
otodectes cynotis – ear mite
omg my dogs dandruff is walking????
cheyletiella yasguri
what is cheyletiella yasguri
a non burrowing mite
host of cheyletiella yasguri
dogs
cats
peoples
burrowing mites life cycle
ELNA
diagnose a burrowing mite
skin scrape
what do typical burrowing mites look like
round
short legs
spines
T/F
sarcoptes scabiei is zoonotic
TRUE
what is sarcoptes scabiei
a burrowing mite
sarcoptes scabiei common name
sarcoptic mange mite
itch mite
what are the three hosts of sarcoptes scabiei
DOGS
CATTLE
PIGS
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on dogs
ears, elbows, thoracic abdomen
which host sarcoptes scabiei is reportable
CATTLE
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on cattle
neck and tail
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on pigs
ears and head
how to diagnose sarcoptes scabiei on pigs
ear swabs
what does sarcoptes scabiei cause in all hosts
erythema scales crust pruritis dermatitis alopecia
notodectes cati host
cats (maybe doggo)
notodectes cati is what type of mite
burrowing
notodectes cati lives where on the cat
head
what are the clinical signs of notodectes cati
SIMILAR TO sarcoptes scabiei: erythema scales crust pruritis dermatitis alopecia
also known as the Scaly leg Mite or the Scaly Face Mite
knemidocoptes spp
what type of mite is knemidocoptes spp
burrowing
host of knemidocoptes spp
birds
what does knemidocoptes spp cause
scales on birds legs, comb, neck and face
bird has inflammation and keratinization of its skin from a mite
knemidocoptes spp
bird has weird malformed feet and is lame
knemidocoptes spp
argasid ticks…
soft ticks
T/F
soft ticks have a scutum
FALSE
T/F
Treat the host to treat soft ticks
FALSE – TREAT ENVIRONMENT
- otobius megnini
- argas spp
otobius megnini is what kind of parasite
a soft tick
also known as the spinose ear tick
otobius megnini
host of otobius megnini
livestock
humans
dogs
where do the adults of otobius megnini live
NOT on the host – live in environment
treat env
T/F
only the immature stages of otobius megnini feed on the host
true
where do the immature stages of otobius megnini live and what pathology do they cause
they live in the ear canals and they cause anemia and diseases
also known as the Fowl Tick
argas spp
argas spp host
domestic and wild birds
T/F
argas spp can survive in arid conditions
TRUE
what do argas spp cause
anemia
weight loss
depression
T/F
adults of argas spp feed on the host
TRUE
but otobius DO NOT
soft tick that feeds on host rapidly and then lives in the environment
argas spp
a mite that lives entirely in a hair follicle or sebaceous gland
Hair Follicle Mite – Demodex canis
Demodex canis common name
demodectic mange mite
follicle mite
Looks like a cigar with legs
Demodex canis – hair follicle mite
host of Demodex canis
dogs – YOUNG
T/F
Demodex canis is a normal inhabitant of the dogs skin
TRUE
Treatment for Demodex canis
Mitaloan (amitraz)
diagnose Demodex canis
skin scrape
how is Demodex canis transmitted
From the mother to the puppy
explains why seen in young dogs – not a lot of surface area/hair follicles
you see a pup with a lot of alopecia but no pruritis?
Demodex canis
T/F
Demodex canis causes a lot of itching
FALSE – no itch
Demodex canis can be localized and generalized…which would you treat
generalized
What is the name of the mange Demodex canis causes
Red Mange
what can happen with Demodex canis that is really hard to cure
concomitant staphylococcus and oozing that is hard to cure
two blood sucking mites of birds
Dermanyssus gallinae
ornithonyssus spp
Dermanyssus gallinae host
BIRDS
common names of Dermanyssus gallinae
Red chicken mite
Roost mite of birds
which blood sucking mite of birds is only on the host at night and hides during the day in the environment
Dermanyssus gallinae
how would you treat Dermanyssus gallinae
TREAT ENVIRONMENT
common names of ornithonyssus spp
Northern Fowl Mite
Topical Fowl Mite
T/F
ornithonyssus spp life cycle occurs entirely on the host
TRUE
what do Dermanyssus gallinae and ornithonyssus spp cause in the birds
itching behavioral changes lowered egg production weight loss can transmit diseases
all hard ticks are 3 host ticks except..
Rhiphicephalus Boophilus (1 host tick)
also called the deer tick or black legged tick
Ixodes spp
host of Ixodes spp
humans
mammals
hard tick that transmits lyme disease
Ixodes spp
–borrelia borgdorferi
also called the American Dog Tick or Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
Dermacentor
Dermacentor hosts
dogs
humans
large hosts
causes rocky mountain spotted fever and cytauxzoon
Dermacentor (hard Tick)
shape capituli of Dermacentor
rectangular
common name of Amblyomma
gulf coast tick
LONE STAR tick
host of Amblyomma
livestock
humans
hard tick that can cause rickettsial disease
Amblyomma
**can also have painful bites, transmit hepatozoon, and cytauxzoon
hard tick that is REPORTABLE
rhiphicephalus boophilus
rhiphicephalus boophilus host
cattle
rhiphicephalus boophilus has what shape capituli
hexagonal
causes Texas Cattle Fever
rhiphicephalus boophilus
**also causes babesia, anaplasma
Also called the Brown Dog Tick and the Kennel Tick
rhiphicephalus sangineus
rhiphicephalus sangineus host
dogs
humans
T/F
rhiphicephalus sangineus is adapted for indoor living
TRUE
what does rhiphicephalus sangineus causes
babesia and ehrlichia bact infection
you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli
ixodes
you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli
Dermacentor
you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and an ornate scutum
ambylomma – lone star
you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a hexagonal capituli
rhiphicephalus
hard tick with no ornate scutum and short palps
rhiphicephalus
T/F
Balantidium Coli moves with cilia
TRUE
Where does Balantidium Coli go in the body
large intestine
T/F
Balantidium Coli is a protozoa
TRUE duh
what are the hosts of Balantidium Coli
pigs
primates
rodents
humans
what will Balantidium Coli cause
mild – severe enteritis and dysentery
ulcerations in humans
what testing will show the cysts of Balantidium Coli
direct smear
you see a ciliate with a kidney bean nucleus… what are you looking at??
the TROPHOZOITE stage of Balantidium Coli
order: ______ is parasites of epithelial cells
eucoccidiorida
Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use ticks as vectors
piroplasmorida
Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use biting insects as vectors
Haemosporida
treatment for Balantidium Coli
tetracycline
T/F
giardia intestinalis has 8 assemblages specific to hosts
TRUe
T/F
giardia intestinalis can be zoonotic
TRUE – mostly assemblage A or B
T/F
giardia intestinalis mainly infects young animals
FALSE – animals can be ANY AGE
treatment of giardia intestinalis
Metronidazole
where does giardia intestinalis live in the body
SMALL INTESTINE
**in the large intestine it becomes a cyst to be discharged
Hosts of giardia intestinalis
dogs
cats
cattle
**domestic and wild animals
how would you identify giardia intestinalis
either with a trophozoite or a cyst
cysts are more frequently seen
what clinical signs does giardia intestinalis cause
diarrhea
malabsorption
dehydration
ulcerations
diagnostic test for giardia intestinalis
fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP
T/F
chickens are the main host of Spironucleus spp.
FALSE
CHICKENS ARE NOT AFFECTED
host of Spironucleus spp.
domestic and wild fowl
T/F
Spironucleus spp. has 2 nuclei and is flagellated
TRUE
species Spironucleus spp. that affects turkeys
S. meleagridis
Spironucleus spp. that affects pigeons
S. columbae
where does Spironucleus spp. live in the host
LARGE intestine
T/F
young birds are mostly affected by Spironucleus spp.
TRUE
T/F
When a bird recovers from Spironucleus spp. they could become long term carriers
TRUE – droppings can contaminate and spread the env
T/F
Spironucleus spp. is zoonotic
FALSE
you have a lot of pigeons dropping dead between 3 and 5 weeks of age. You also notice the ones still alive have foamy diarrhea leaking from their asses… what do these nasty birds have
Spironucleus spp.
clinical signs of Spironucleus spp.
foamy diarrhea listlessness INFECTIOUS CATARRHAL ENTERITIS dehydration malabsorption weight loss
diagnostic tests for Spironucleus spp.
fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP
Tritrichomonas foetus host
CATTLE and CATS
you see a pear shaped trophozoite with an undulating membrane and 3 anterior flagella. what dis
Tritrichomonas foetus
diagnostic tests for Tritrichomonas foetus
PCR
SMEAR
culture – hard
causes cows to abort in the first trimester
Tritrichomonas foetus
T/F
Tritrichomonas foetus for cattle is a reportable disease
TRUE SOS CALL THE AUTHORITIES MY COW IS HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX
how is Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle transmitted
sex
where does Tritrichomonas foetus live in cattle
urogenital tract
prepuce of bull
how can you control Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
AI test and cull positive bulls have a closed herd use young bulls wait cows
this is an STD of cattle
Tritrichomonas foetus
Tritrichomonas foetus in cats is mainly transmitted what route
fecal - oral
where in the cat does Tritrichomonas foetus live
colon
distal ileum
you have an old cat and you decide to buy a kitten. After the kitten came, the old man cat started a lot of gas and diarrhea that won’t go away but the kitten is fine. what is going on here?!!?
Tritrichomonas foetus
Trichomonas spp hosts
domestic and wild fowl
common name of Trichomonas spp in HAWKS
Frounce
common name of Trichomonas spp in PIGEONS
CANKER
where in your bird will you find Trichomonas spp
nasal cavity and upper GI
how do you test for Trichomonas spp
swab the mouth / mucus and fluid
what clinical sign is most obvious of Trichomonas spp
small yellowish lesions in the birds mouth / ulcerations
could lead to diarrhea and also death
name 3 routes of entry for Trichomonas spp
- contaminated drinking water
- pigeon milk
- infective prey
Histomonas spp host
fowl
**young turkeys
vector for Histomonas spp
HETERAKIS
T/F
Histomonas spp is pleiomorphic
TRUE
flagellated in the cecum
non flagellated in the liver
what is the infective stage of Histomonas spp and where is it
the trophozoites in the eggs of the heterakis gallinarum
birds eat earthworms who ate the eggs (paratenic host)
a good way to not have all your turkeys die from Histomonas spp
separate turkeys and chickens
what is the name of the disease that Histomonas spp causes
blackhead in turkeys
what does blackhead disease pathologically cause
discoloration of head hemorrhagic liver and cecum necrosis enterohepatitis yellow depressions on liver death in young turkeys
diagnose Histomonas spp
NECROPSY
Trypanosoma Cruzi hosts
dogs
cats
humans
T/F
young are more susceptible to Trypanosoma Cruzi
TRUE
common name of disease of Trypanosoma Cruzi
chaga’s disease
diagnose Trypanosoma Cruzi
blood smear
PCR
where does Trypanosoma Cruzi live
blood
cardiac and smooth muscles
what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in the blood stream
elongated trypomastigote with flagella
what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in muscles
amastigotes – NO flagella
what is the required vector of Trypanosoma Cruzi
Triatomine “kissing bug”
pathogenesis caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi
cardiac diseases lethargy pale mucus membranes ascites hepatomegaly splenomegaly
Leishmania spp common names
Visceral: Kala-azar
Cutaneous: Oriental Sore
Leishmania spp hosts
dogs and humans
+ many reservoir species
what stage of Leishmania spp is in the macrophages of the host
amastgiotes
diagnostic testing for Leishmania spp
tissue biopsy
IFA
ELISA
PCR
vector of Leishmania spp
sand fly
where is the cutaneous form of Leishmania spp
Skin - causes cutaneous presentations and ulcers on lips and eyes
visceral Leishmania spp form is where and causes what?
liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes
causes anemia and fever
T/F
Isospora belongs to the coccidia order
TRUE
T/F
Eimeria spp belongs to the coccidia order
TRUE
Isospora canis host s
dogs
**young more susceptible
Isospora canis routes of entry
paratenic hosts – rodents with sporulated oocyst
per os
where does Isospora canis live
small intestine
where does Isospora suis live
small intestine
what age piglets does Isospora suis infect
1 - 2 weeks old
Isospora spp cause what signs
yellow diarrhea
bloody diarrhea
high morbidity / low mortality
T/F
pigs develop immunity to Isospora suis
TRUE
how do pigs get Isospora suis
per os
DX Isospora
fecal exam – oocysts
Eimeria Leukarti host
horses
Eimeria Leukarti location
small intestine
what does Eimeria Leukarti cause in horses
it changes the mucosal lining of the small intestine and gives the horse intermittent diarrhea
testing for Eimeria Leukarti
do a SUGAR fecal float (bc horses love sugar)
look for a large oval oocyst with a thick dark shell
Eimeria in sheep and goats lives wher e
small and large intestine
Eimeria in sheep and goats causes what
diarrhea
enteritis
dehydration
Eimeria in sheep and goats diagnosis
fecal float
two species of Eimeria in cattle
- E. bovis
2. E. zuermii
where does Eimeria in cattle live
small and large intestine
Eimeria in cattle causes …
diarrhea (mild to severe)
young animals
diagnoses Eimeria in cattle
fecal float – mcmaster
PPP of Eimeria in cattle
15 - 20 days
Eimeria in birds .. name the species
E. Tenella
E. Tenella is where in birds
the small and large intestine –
MOSTLY THE CECUM
what does E. Tenella do to birds
blood clots in the cecum and they will have bloody diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality
DIE IN LIKE 6 DAYS SO SAD
E. Tenella diagnosis
necropsy at cecum – clotted and bloody :(
T/F
by definition, cats are only a definitive host of toxoplasma gondii ?
FALSE
by definition, also an intermediate host
final host of toxoplasma gondii
cats
intermediate host of toxoplasma gondii
many including humans, zoonotic
how do cats get toxoplasma gondii
the cats eats the infected intermediate host
how do we diagnose toxoplasma gondii in a cat
oocytes in fecal exam
when will toxoplasma gondii be shed in a cats feces
for 1-2 weeks
how long does it take the oocyst to sporulate and become infective?
1-5 days
what does toxoplasma gondii do to humans
abortions
what does toxoplasma gondii do to sheep and goats
abortions
if your goat had an abortion and you notice the placenta cotyledons are bright red with white nodules…. why did the goat abort?
toxoplasma gondii
help!! I am a pregnant single woman with a cat. I don’t want toxoplasma gondii, what should i do?!!?!?
- have someone else come change the litter aka DONT do it yourself
- Change the cat litter every single day so they dont have time to sporulate and become infective (2-5 days)
- DONT EAT RAW MEAT or let your cat on the counter
T/F
you can get toxoplasma gondii from eating raw meat or contaminated water by the oocysts
true
in toxoplasma gondii, what is the stage of life cycle called that is dormant in the intermediate hosts muscles/meat
bradyzoites
if the mom gives her baby toxoplasma gondii through the placenta, what is the life cycle stage being passed called
tackyzoites
you eat some raw meat of a mouse, but the toxoplasma gondii oocyst did not yet sporulate… will you get sick?
no because the sporulated stage is the infective stage
how would you DX toxoplasma gondii in an intermediate host
serological tests - ELISA IFA
T/F
cats develop immunity after being infected and will only shed for about 1-2 weeks entire life
TRUE
Sarcocystis definitive host
dogs
cats
humans
where does Sarcocystis live in the definitive host
GI tract
intermediate host of Sarcocystis
cattle and herbivores
**can be FATAL
where does Sarcocystis live in the intermediate host
muscles
What causes abortions in cattle in the 3rd trimester
Sarcocystis
direct host of Sarcocystis Neurona
opossum – no clinical signs
aberrant host of Sarcocystis Neurona
HORSES
what does Sarcocystis Neurona cause in horses
CNS symptoms
muscle atrophy (EPM)
prevention of Sarcocystis Neurona
control wildlife
prevention of Sarcocystis
avoid raw meat
prevent fecal contamination
Neospora definitive host
dogs
Neospora lives where in the DH
GIT
Neospora intermediate host
dogs
cattle
sheep
Neospora lives where in the IH
muscle and CNS
**intracellular, cyst in the striated muscles
Causes abortions in cattle in the 2nd trimester (4-6mo)
Neospora
Cryptosporidium IH
NONE
Cryptosporidium DH
many animals – most importantly dairy cattle and people
age range that is mostly affected by Cryptosporidium Parvum
less than 3 weeks old
age range affected mostly by Cryptosporidium adersonni
greater than 3 weeks old
what does Cryptosporidium cause
DIARRHEA (mild in some cases – severe in humans)
T/F
there is a treatment for Cryptosporidium
FALSE – just suffer the butthole leakage and move on
T/F
Cryptosporidium is self-limiting
TRUE
protozoa of WBC
hepatozoon
host of hepatozoon
DOGS
how do dogs get hepatozoon
they eat ticks – amblyomma or rhiphicephalus
what will hepatozoon cause to the dog
a lame dog
severe joint pain, myositis
diagnose hepatozoon
tick and fly control
blood smear +/- stain
tissue biopsy
T/F
there is a treatment for hepatozoon
FALSE
cytauxzoon felis host
cats
how do cats get cytauxzoon felis
amblyomma tick inoculation
cytauxzoon felis causes what in cats
fever anemia icterus occlusion of blood vessels death
cytauxzoon felis is in what type of cell
RED BLOOD CELLS
The protozoa that causes Texas Cattle Fever in cattle
Babesia bigemina
Babesia bigemina is in what cells
red blood cells
Babesia bigemina is inoculated by what
rhiphicephalus boophilus
T/F
Babesia bigemina is reportable
TRUE
what will Babesia bigemina cause in cows
in older cattle will cause anemia
Babesia canis / gibini host
dogs and humans
Babesia canis / gibini in what cells
red blood cells
how is Babesia canis / gibini inoculated in the host
by the rhiphicephalus sangineus
what will Babesia canis / gibini cause in the host
anemia
anorexia
depression
spleomegaly
T/F
treatment for Babesia canis / gibini exists
FALSE
tick and fly control is SO SO important
diagnose Babesia canis / gibini
use a blood smear (stain)
tissue biopsy
the protozoa in the plasma
leukocytozoan
leukocytozoan host
birds
host is leukocytozoan transmitted
cullicoides spp flies
what will leukocytozoan cause in the bird
anemia labored breathing listlessness CNS signs death
what does leukocytozoan look like in the blood cell
spindle shaped – tear drops in the cell
T/F
treatment is not available for leukocytozoan
TRUE
tick and fly control is important
diagnose leukocytozoan
blood smear
tissue biopsy
