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parasit > bug things (exam 3) > Flashcards

bug things (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

list 4 insects orders

A
  1. Dipthera (flies)
  2. Siphonaptera (fleas)
  3. Phthiraptera (lice)
  4. hemiptera (bed bugs)
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2
Q

what are 2 examples of arachnids

A

acari –

  1. TICKS
  2. MITES
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3
Q

T/F

a mite is an insect

A

FALSE

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4
Q

T/F

a tick is an insect

A

FALSE

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5
Q

how many legs do adult insects have

A

3 pairs

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6
Q

describe the body of an insect

A

head thorax and abdomen parts

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7
Q

T/F

insects have antenna

A

TRUE

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8
Q

where do larva develop for stomoxys calcitrans

A

in damp hay/decaying organic matter

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9
Q

T/F

treating compost is a great way to rid of the stomoxys calcitrans

A

FALSE – but treat the animal and the environment

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10
Q

species of fly that sits on the walls with its head up

A

stable fly – stomoxys calcitrans

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11
Q

where do the females of haematobia irritans lay their eggs

A

in FRESH FECES

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12
Q

T/F

both the male and female cullicoides take blood meal

A

FALSE – only the female does

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13
Q

what do all adult flies have in common

A

NUISANCE

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14
Q

what is the best prevention method for cullicoides spp

A

lower standing water, avoid marshy pastures

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15
Q

T/F

the pupal stage of Cuterebra spp can be found on the host

A

FALSE – NEVER PUPAL STAGE ON HOST

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16
Q

common name of hypoderma spp instar

A

cattle grub

**overwinter phase as this stage

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17
Q

T/F

chickens can have sucking lice

A

FALSE – only chewing lice

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18
Q

Are fleas or lice more host specific

A

LICE

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19
Q

best prevention for fleas

A

environmental control

–mow lawn, vacuum, allow pet to roam in usual places once treated

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20
Q

How many pairs of legs do acari

A

nymphs and adults - 4 pairs of legs

larva - 3 pairs of legs

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21
Q

describe the body of acari

A

cephalo-thorax and abdomen

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22
Q

T/F

acari have antenna

A

FALSE

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23
Q

T/F

acari have palps

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Life cycle of fleas

A

ELPA

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25
Q

describe where Fleas can be found in their life cycle

A

95% is in the environment – treat environment!!

5% (adult fleas) on the host animal

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26
Q

Insect that is wingless with long legs, spines and combs

A

FLEAS

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27
Q

Ctenocephalides felis / canis HOST

A

dogs and cats

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28
Q

what is Ctenocephalides felis

A

a cat FLEA

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29
Q

where is Ctenocephalides felis found

A

skin of back, ventral abdomen, inner thighs

cats face

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30
Q

what is Ctenocephalides felis a vector for

A

D. caninum – cestode

A. reconditium – looks like heartworm with mff in blood

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31
Q

T/F

a single bite from Ctenocephalides felis can cause a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

TRUE – you will see a dog with a bare butt

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32
Q

What is Echidnophaga spp. ?

A

A bird FLEA

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33
Q

what is the host of Echidnophaga spp.

A

Fowl

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34
Q

what is the common name of Echidnophaga spp.

A

stick tight flea

*has a blunt head and is smaller than the cat/dog flea

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35
Q

where on the host is Echidnophaga spp.

A

wattles, head, comb, eyes

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36
Q

what does Echidnophaga spp. cause in fowl

A

irritation
blood loss
anemia

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37
Q

“blood sucking lice”

A

Anoplura

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38
Q

highly pathogenic order of lice that causes anemia and skin damage

A

ANOPLURA

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39
Q

slow moving lice that have a pointed nose

A

Anoplura

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40
Q

also called the dog sucking louse

A

Lingonathus Setosus

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41
Q

host of Lingonathus Setosus

A

DOGS

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42
Q

what does Lingonathus Setosus do to dogs

A

lowers the body condition

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43
Q

Ovine face/body Louse

A

Lingonathus Ovillus

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44
Q

Ovine foot louse

A

Lingonathus Pedalis

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45
Q

host of Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis

A

sheep and goats

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46
Q

when does Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis proliferate most

A

WINTER

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47
Q

what order do Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis belong to

A

anoplura

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48
Q

what is the host of Haematopinus Suis ?

A

pigs

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49
Q

what order does Haematopinus Suis belong

A

anoplura

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50
Q

common name of Haematopinus Suis

A

sucking louse of swine

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51
Q

where on the pig is Haematopinus Suis

A

neck, jowl, flank, legs

FAT ROLLS OF PIGS

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52
Q

host of Haematopinus eurysternus

A

cattle

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53
Q

common name of Haematopinus eurysternus

A

short nose cattle louse

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54
Q

T/F

Haematopinus eurysternus is gregarious

A

TRUE

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55
Q

where do you find Haematopinus eurysternus on the cattle

A

HEAD, ears, eyes, nostrils

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56
Q

Haematopinus eurysternus order

A

anoplura – sucking louse

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57
Q

Lingonathus Vituli host

A

cattle

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58
Q

Lingonathus Vituli common name

A

long nose cattle louse

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59
Q

where do you find Lingonathus Vituli on cattle

A

DEWLAP, head and neck

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60
Q

T/F

Lingonathus Vituli is gregarious

A

TRUE

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61
Q

Lingonathus Vituli order

A

Anoplura

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62
Q

Solenopotes capillatus host

A

cattle

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63
Q

Solenopotes capillatus order

A

anoplura

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64
Q

Solenopotes capillatus locations on cattle

A

FACE, neck, dewlap, back, tail

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65
Q

Solenopotes capillatus common name

A

little blue cattle louse

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66
Q

Biting/chewing lice with a wide head

A

Ischnocera - chewing lice

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67
Q

what do Ischnocera cause clinically

A

alopecia, pruritis, restlessness, scratching

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68
Q

Trichodectes canis order

A

Ischnocera – chewing louse

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69
Q

Trichodectes canis host

A

DOGS

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70
Q

Trichodectes canis location on host

A

ears, neck, tail, head

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71
Q

Trichodectes canis is a vector of what cestode

A

D. caninum

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72
Q

Felicola subrostratus order

A

ischnocera – chewing louse

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73
Q

Felicola subrostratus host

A

CATS

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74
Q

Felicola subrostratus location on host

A

face, ears, back

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75
Q

Felicola subrostratus identification?

A

triangular posterior of head

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76
Q

common in elderly or chronically ill cats as well as long haired cat breeds

A

Felicola subrostratus – chewing cat louse

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77
Q

Damalinia bovis host

A

cattle

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78
Q

Damalinia bovis order

A

ischnocera – chewing louse

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79
Q

Damalinia bovis location on host

A

head, poll, neck, rump or tail

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80
Q

Damalinia ovis location

A

in wool

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81
Q

Damalinia ovis order

A

ischnocera – chewing louse

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82
Q

Damalinia ovis host

A

sheep and goats

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83
Q

Damalinia bovis and ovis season of favored proliferation

A

WINTER

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84
Q

species of ischnocera with black lines on the abdomen

A

Damalinia bovis and Damalinia ovis

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85
Q

avian lice order

A

ischnocera – chewing louse

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86
Q

avian lice host

A

chickens

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87
Q

avian lice location

A

depends on species

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88
Q

what do avian lice do to the chicken

A

feed on the feathers and cause feather plucking

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89
Q

two species of maggot flies

A
  1. cochliomyia hominivorax

2. sarcophagidae spp.

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90
Q

Which species of maggot fly must be reported to authorities

A

cochliomyia hominivorax – screwworms

was eradicated but was seen in florida recently in deer

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91
Q

maggot fly that is bluish green and has 3 stripes on the thorax

A

cochliomyia hominivorax

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92
Q

cochliomyia hominivorax common name

A

screwworms

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93
Q

T/F

cochliomyia hominivorax can mate multiple times

A

FALSE - one and done entire life for females

** a good prevention is to release sterile males

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94
Q

screwworm larvae feed on what

A

they feed invasively on living tissue

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95
Q

site of infestation of screwworms / cochliomyia hominivorax

A

eggs laid in FRESH UNINFECTED wounds

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96
Q

what can cochliomyia hominivorax cause

A

blow fly strike
foul smelling lesions
RAPID DEATH

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97
Q

sarcophagidae spp. common name

A

flesh flies

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98
Q

2x size of a housefly

A

sarcophagidae spp.

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99
Q

Where do sarcophagidae spp. infect/lay first stage instars

A

INFECTED wounds

they like to be in blood or bloody secretions
Wool soiled with urine or feces

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100
Q

treatment and prevention for sarcophagidae spp.

A

sanitation and immediate wound treatment

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101
Q

Hemiptera

A

Cimex spp – bed bugs

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102
Q

cimex spp host

A

nesting bird, bats, HUMANS

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103
Q

Life cycle for hemiptera

A

eggs - nymph (5x molts) - adult

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104
Q

How long can a bed bug (cimex spp) live without blood meal

A

more than 5 months

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105
Q

what do cimex spp cause clinically

A

they are blood suckers so blood loss and also allergic reactions to the bites

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106
Q

what is a cimex spp schedule like?

A

they hide during the day and feed at night

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107
Q

T/F

bot flies are flies

A

FALSE

they are LARVA :)

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108
Q

bot fly of cats and dogs

A

Cuterebra

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109
Q

Cuterebra common name

A

rabbit / rodent bot fly

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110
Q

where does Cuterebra like to live

A

the neck and nasal cavity

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111
Q

If an dog or cat comes in and is “leaking” or has wet fur and a fluid drip what is this?

A

Cuterebra

DO NOT SQUISH IT AHHHHH

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112
Q

what can Cuterebra cause in your dog or cat

A

allergic reactions - type 1 hypersensitivity

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113
Q

what are the two species of hypoderma

A

H. lineatum

H. bovis

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114
Q

where does hypoderma lineatum like to live

A

the esophagus

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115
Q

where does hypoderma bovis

A

the spinal cord

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116
Q

what is super duper critical about hypoderma in cattle and why?????

A

TREATMENT TIMING

you treat in the FALL before the larva get to their predilected sites

if you treat in the wrong time:
H. lineatum – bloat
H. bovis – Paraplegia and paralysis – death

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117
Q

if treated at the wrong time will cause paraplegia in you cow and make them sad

A

hypoderma bovis – because the larva will die and rot away in the spinal cord

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118
Q

bot fly of sheep and goats

A

oestrus ovis

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119
Q

common name of oestrus ovis

A

Sheep nasal bot

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120
Q

oestrus ovis locations

A

nasal cavity and sinuses and brain

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121
Q

what does oestrus ovis cause clinically

A

“snotty nose”

high mucus secretions and irritated sheep

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122
Q

when should you treat for oestrus ovis

A

Winter and summer (2x a year)

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123
Q

boy fly of horses

A

gasterophilus

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124
Q

two species of gasterophilus

A

gasterophilus intestinalis

gasterophilus nasalis

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125
Q

gasterophilus intestinalis vs gasterophilus nasalis hatching times?

A

G. intestinalis hatches WHEN LICKED

G. nasalis hatches SPONTANEOUSLY

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126
Q

where are the eggs of gasterophilus intestinalis placed

A

on the forelegs of the horses

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127
Q

where are the eggs of gasterophilus nasalis placed

A

on the mouth of horse

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128
Q

gasterophilus species enter what part of the body and then what happens

A

stomach – passed in feces – pupate to adult

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129
Q

what species belong to muscidae

A

musca domestica
musca autumnalis
musca calcitrans
musca irritans

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130
Q

muscidae common characteristics

A

4 longitudinal dark stripes on the thorax

sanitation and insecticides are important

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131
Q

what are muscidae an intermediate host for??

A

Habronema and Drashia nematode in horses – causes summer sores

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132
Q

also called the face fly

A

musca autumnalis

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133
Q

Two types of muscidae with spongy mouthparts that feed on secretions

A 
musca autumnalis (face fly)
musca domestica (house fly)
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134
Q

location of musca autumnalis on host

A

near face and eyes

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135
Q

can cause keratoconjunctivitis

A

musca autumnalis – face fly

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136
Q

T/F

musca autumnalis will always be found outside

A

TRUE

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137
Q

also called the house fly

A

musca domestica

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138
Q

where will you find musca domestica

A

on the body of host – can be in or outside

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139
Q

also called the stable fly

A

stomoxys calcitrans

**vector for many diseases

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140
Q

muscidae spp with proboscis – biting is painful and they feed on blood

A

stomoxys calcitrans

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141
Q

how long does it take stomoxys calcitrans to finish a blood meal

A

3 minutes

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142
Q

issue with fly annoyance

A

can interfere with grazing and therefore lower animal performance

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143
Q

“true bugs”

A

hemiptera – cimex spp – bed bugs

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144
Q

life cycle of fleas

A

ELPA

only adult on patient, rest in environment

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145
Q

life cycle of lice (phithriptera)

A

ENNNA all on host

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146
Q

life cycle of diptera (flies/mosquitoes)

A

ELPA

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147
Q

what is myiasis

A

FLY STIKE

larva in flesh

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148
Q

list 4 blood sucking flies

A
  1. haematobia irritans
  2. tabanus/chrysops spp
  3. cullicoides
  4. melophagus ovinus
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149
Q

also called the Horn Fly

A

haematobia irritans

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150
Q

host of haematobia irritans

A

Cattle

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151
Q

sits around the horns when not feeding

A

haematobia irritans

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152
Q

where does haematobia irritans feed

A

back, sides, abdomen

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153
Q

blood sucking fly with a shorter proboscis and causes a lowered weight gain and milk production in cattle

A

haematobia irritans

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154
Q

also called “biting midges” or “no-see-ums”

A

cullicoides spp

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155
Q

smallest blood sucking muscid

A

haematobia irritans

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156
Q

T/F

haematobia irritans has an overwintering pupa stage

A

TRUE

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157
Q

pathogenesis of haematobia irritans

A

feed in thousands – severe irritation (>200 = economic losses)

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158
Q

T/F

haematobia irritans can transmit cattle helminths

A

TRUE

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159
Q

T/F

haematobia irritans remain on host unless the female is laying eggs

A

TRUE

**lays eggs in fresh feces

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160
Q

host of cullicoides spp

A

all domestic animals and humans

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161
Q

what do cullicoides spp transmit in horses

A

Onchocerca cervicalis

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162
Q

also called the horse fly

A

Tabanus spp

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163
Q

largest blood sucking fly

A

Tabanus spp

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164
Q

also called the deer fly

A

chrysops spp

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165
Q

between chrysops and tabanus spp which has longer antenna

A

chrysops – long antenna

tabanus – short antenna

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166
Q

Tabanus / Chrysops spp mouthparts

A

slashing and sponging – PAINFUL BITE

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167
Q

bites in shaded areas, animals will stand out in the sun just to avoid them

A

Chrysops spp

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168
Q

Also called sheep ked / tick

A

Melophagus ovinus – NOT A TICK actually a FLY

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169
Q

type of mouth on Melophagus ovinus

A

blood sucking

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170
Q

describe Melophagus ovinus appearance

A

wingless and hairy – may be mistaken as a tick bc no wings but it is a fly

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171
Q

T/F

entire life cycle of Melophagus ovinus is on the host

A

TRUE

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172
Q

when is proliferation of Melophagus ovinus highest

A

in the autumn and winter (wool is longest)

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173
Q

what does Melophagus ovinus cause clinically

A 
anemia (blood sucking fly)
wool damage (live in the wool)
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174
Q

when do Melophagus ovinus adults emerge

A

3 weeks into the summer

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175
Q

T/F

Melophagus ovinus female produces one egg that hatches inside her body

A

TRUE

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176
Q

site of infestation for Melophagus ovinus

A

wool

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177
Q

host of Melophagus ovinus

A

SHEEP

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178
Q

non-burrowing mites life cycle

A

ELNA

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179
Q

how to diagnose non burrowing mites?

A

skin scrape or adhesive tape

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180
Q

reportable non burrowing mite

A

Psoroptes ovis

181
Q

common name of chorioptes bovis

A

Foot Mite
Leg Mite

“itchy heel”

182
Q

hosts of chorioptes bovis

A

cattle
small ruminants
horses

183
Q

when does chorioptes bovis show the most

A

LATE winter

184
Q

what is chorioptes bovis

A

a non burrowing mite

185
Q

where does chorioptes bovis live

A

legs, feet, tail head, udder

186
Q

Psoroptes ovis host

A

sheep and cattel

187
Q

Psoroptes ovis common name

A

sheep scab mite

188
Q

non burrowing mite that causes moist borders of a lesion with a serous exudate

A

Psoroptes ovis

189
Q

what will Psoroptes ovis cause in sheep

A

damaged wool

190
Q

also called the Ear Mite

A

otodectes cynotis

191
Q

host of otodectes cynotis

A

dogs
cats
human

192
Q

cat is constantly shaking her head and scratching her ears….

A

otodectes cynotis

193
Q

you swab the kitty ears and see black exudate SOS what is this

A

otodectes cynotis – ear mite

194
Q

omg my dogs dandruff is walking????

A

cheyletiella yasguri

195
Q

what is cheyletiella yasguri

A

a non burrowing mite

196
Q

host of cheyletiella yasguri

A

dogs
cats
peoples

197
Q

burrowing mites life cycle

A

ELNA

198
Q

diagnose a burrowing mite

A

skin scrape

199
Q

what do typical burrowing mites look like

A

round
short legs
spines

200
Q

T/F

sarcoptes scabiei is zoonotic

A

TRUE

201
Q

what is sarcoptes scabiei

A

a burrowing mite

202
Q

sarcoptes scabiei common name

A

sarcoptic mange mite

itch mite

203
Q

what are the three hosts of sarcoptes scabiei

A

DOGS
CATTLE
PIGS

204
Q

where does sarcoptes scabiei live on dogs

A

ears, elbows, thoracic abdomen

205
Q

which host sarcoptes scabiei is reportable

A

CATTLE

206
Q

where does sarcoptes scabiei live on cattle

A

neck and tail

207
Q

where does sarcoptes scabiei live on pigs

A

ears and head

208
Q

how to diagnose sarcoptes scabiei on pigs

A

ear swabs

209
Q

what does sarcoptes scabiei cause in all hosts

A 
erythema 
scales 
crust
pruritis 
dermatitis 
alopecia
210
Q

notodectes cati host

A

cats (maybe doggo)

211
Q

notodectes cati is what type of mite

A

burrowing

212
Q

notodectes cati lives where on the cat

A

head

213
Q

what are the clinical signs of notodectes cati

A 
SIMILAR TO sarcoptes scabiei:
erythema 
scales 
crust
pruritis 
dermatitis 
alopecia
214
Q

also known as the Scaly leg Mite or the Scaly Face Mite

A

knemidocoptes spp

215
Q

what type of mite is knemidocoptes spp

A

burrowing

216
Q

host of knemidocoptes spp

A

birds

217
Q

what does knemidocoptes spp cause

A

scales on birds legs, comb, neck and face

218
Q

bird has inflammation and keratinization of its skin from a mite

A

knemidocoptes spp

219
Q

bird has weird malformed feet and is lame

A

knemidocoptes spp

220
Q

argasid ticks…

A

soft ticks

221
Q

T/F

soft ticks have a scutum

A

FALSE

222
Q

T/F

Treat the host to treat soft ticks

A

FALSE – TREAT ENVIRONMENT

  • otobius megnini
  • argas spp
223
Q

otobius megnini is what kind of parasite

A

a soft tick

224
Q

also known as the spinose ear tick

A

otobius megnini

225
Q

host of otobius megnini

A

livestock
humans
dogs

226
Q

where do the adults of otobius megnini live

A

NOT on the host – live in environment

treat env

227
Q

T/F

only the immature stages of otobius megnini feed on the host

A

true

228
Q

where do the immature stages of otobius megnini live and what pathology do they cause

A

they live in the ear canals and they cause anemia and diseases

229
Q

also known as the Fowl Tick

A

argas spp

230
Q

argas spp host

A

domestic and wild birds

231
Q

T/F

argas spp can survive in arid conditions

A

TRUE

232
Q

what do argas spp cause

A

anemia
weight loss
depression

233
Q

T/F

adults of argas spp feed on the host

A

TRUE

but otobius DO NOT

234
Q

soft tick that feeds on host rapidly and then lives in the environment

A

argas spp

235
Q

a mite that lives entirely in a hair follicle or sebaceous gland

A

Hair Follicle Mite – Demodex canis

236
Q

Demodex canis common name

A

demodectic mange mite

follicle mite

237
Q

Looks like a cigar with legs

A

Demodex canis – hair follicle mite

238
Q

host of Demodex canis

A

dogs – YOUNG

239
Q

T/F

Demodex canis is a normal inhabitant of the dogs skin

A

TRUE

240
Q

Treatment for Demodex canis

A

Mitaloan (amitraz)

241
Q

diagnose Demodex canis

A

skin scrape

242
Q

how is Demodex canis transmitted

A

From the mother to the puppy

explains why seen in young dogs – not a lot of surface area/hair follicles

243
Q

you see a pup with a lot of alopecia but no pruritis?

A

Demodex canis

244
Q

T/F

Demodex canis causes a lot of itching

A

FALSE – no itch

245
Q

Demodex canis can be localized and generalized…which would you treat

A

generalized

246
Q

What is the name of the mange Demodex canis causes

A

Red Mange

247
Q

what can happen with Demodex canis that is really hard to cure

A

concomitant staphylococcus and oozing that is hard to cure

248
Q

two blood sucking mites of birds

A

Dermanyssus gallinae

ornithonyssus spp

249
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae host

A

BIRDS

250
Q

common names of Dermanyssus gallinae

A

Red chicken mite

Roost mite of birds

251
Q

which blood sucking mite of birds is only on the host at night and hides during the day in the environment

A

Dermanyssus gallinae

252
Q

how would you treat Dermanyssus gallinae

A

TREAT ENVIRONMENT

253
Q

common names of ornithonyssus spp

A

Northern Fowl Mite

Topical Fowl Mite

254
Q

T/F

ornithonyssus spp life cycle occurs entirely on the host

A

TRUE

255
Q

what do Dermanyssus gallinae and ornithonyssus spp cause in the birds

A 
itching 
behavioral changes 
lowered egg production
weight loss 
can transmit diseases
256
Q

all hard ticks are 3 host ticks except..

A

Rhiphicephalus Boophilus (1 host tick)

257
Q

also called the deer tick or black legged tick

A

Ixodes spp

258
Q

host of Ixodes spp

A

humans

mammals

259
Q

hard tick that transmits lyme disease

A

Ixodes spp

–borrelia borgdorferi

260
Q

also called the American Dog Tick or Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

A

Dermacentor

261
Q

Dermacentor hosts

A

dogs
humans
large hosts

262
Q

causes rocky mountain spotted fever and cytauxzoon

A

Dermacentor (hard Tick)

263
Q

shape capituli of Dermacentor

A

rectangular

264
Q

common name of Amblyomma

A

gulf coast tick

LONE STAR tick

265
Q

host of Amblyomma

A

livestock

humans

266
Q

hard tick that can cause rickettsial disease

A

Amblyomma

**can also have painful bites, transmit hepatozoon, and cytauxzoon

267
Q

hard tick that is REPORTABLE

A

rhiphicephalus boophilus

268
Q

rhiphicephalus boophilus host

A

cattle

269
Q

rhiphicephalus boophilus has what shape capituli

A

hexagonal

270
Q

causes Texas Cattle Fever

A

rhiphicephalus boophilus

**also causes babesia, anaplasma

271
Q

Also called the Brown Dog Tick and the Kennel Tick

A

rhiphicephalus sangineus

272
Q

rhiphicephalus sangineus host

A

dogs

humans

273
Q

T/F

rhiphicephalus sangineus is adapted for indoor living

A

TRUE

274
Q

what does rhiphicephalus sangineus causes

A

babesia and ehrlichia bact infection

275
Q

you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli

A

ixodes

276
Q

you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli

A

Dermacentor

277
Q

you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and an ornate scutum

A

ambylomma – lone star

278
Q

you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a hexagonal capituli

A

rhiphicephalus

279
Q

hard tick with no ornate scutum and short palps

A

rhiphicephalus

280
Q

T/F

Balantidium Coli moves with cilia

A

TRUE

281
Q

Where does Balantidium Coli go in the body

A

large intestine

282
Q

T/F

Balantidium Coli is a protozoa

A

TRUE duh

283
Q

what are the hosts of Balantidium Coli

A

pigs
primates
rodents
humans

284
Q

what will Balantidium Coli cause

A

mild – severe enteritis and dysentery

ulcerations in humans

285
Q

what testing will show the cysts of Balantidium Coli

A

direct smear

286
Q

you see a ciliate with a kidney bean nucleus… what are you looking at??

A

the TROPHOZOITE stage of Balantidium Coli

287
Q

order: ______ is parasites of epithelial cells

A

eucoccidiorida

288
Q

Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use ticks as vectors

A

piroplasmorida

289
Q

Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use biting insects as vectors

A

Haemosporida

290
Q

treatment for Balantidium Coli

A

tetracycline

291
Q

T/F

giardia intestinalis has 8 assemblages specific to hosts

A

TRUe

292
Q

T/F

giardia intestinalis can be zoonotic

A

TRUE – mostly assemblage A or B

293
Q

T/F

giardia intestinalis mainly infects young animals

A

FALSE – animals can be ANY AGE

294
Q

treatment of giardia intestinalis

A

Metronidazole

295
Q

where does giardia intestinalis live in the body

A

SMALL INTESTINE

**in the large intestine it becomes a cyst to be discharged

296
Q

Hosts of giardia intestinalis

A

dogs
cats
cattle
**domestic and wild animals

297
Q

how would you identify giardia intestinalis

A

either with a trophozoite or a cyst

cysts are more frequently seen

298
Q

what clinical signs does giardia intestinalis cause

A

diarrhea
malabsorption
dehydration
ulcerations

299
Q

diagnostic test for giardia intestinalis

A

fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP

300
Q

T/F

chickens are the main host of Spironucleus spp.

A

FALSE

CHICKENS ARE NOT AFFECTED

301
Q

host of Spironucleus spp.

A

domestic and wild fowl

302
Q

T/F

Spironucleus spp. has 2 nuclei and is flagellated

A

TRUE

303
Q

species Spironucleus spp. that affects turkeys

A

S. meleagridis

304
Q

Spironucleus spp. that affects pigeons

A

S. columbae

305
Q

where does Spironucleus spp. live in the host

A

LARGE intestine

306
Q

T/F

young birds are mostly affected by Spironucleus spp.

A

TRUE

307
Q

T/F

When a bird recovers from Spironucleus spp. they could become long term carriers

A

TRUE – droppings can contaminate and spread the env

308
Q

T/F

Spironucleus spp. is zoonotic

A

FALSE

309
Q

you have a lot of pigeons dropping dead between 3 and 5 weeks of age. You also notice the ones still alive have foamy diarrhea leaking from their asses… what do these nasty birds have

A

Spironucleus spp.

310
Q

clinical signs of Spironucleus spp.

A 
foamy diarrhea 
listlessness 
INFECTIOUS CATARRHAL ENTERITIS 
dehydration 
malabsorption 
weight loss
311
Q

diagnostic tests for Spironucleus spp.

A

fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP

312
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus host

A

CATTLE and CATS

313
Q

you see a pear shaped trophozoite with an undulating membrane and 3 anterior flagella. what dis

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

314
Q

diagnostic tests for Tritrichomonas foetus

A

PCR
SMEAR
culture – hard

315
Q

causes cows to abort in the first trimester

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

316
Q

T/F

Tritrichomonas foetus for cattle is a reportable disease

A

TRUE SOS CALL THE AUTHORITIES MY COW IS HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX

317
Q

how is Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle transmitted

A

sex

318
Q

where does Tritrichomonas foetus live in cattle

A

urogenital tract

prepuce of bull

319
Q

how can you control Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?

A 
AI
test and cull positive bulls 
have a closed herd
use young bulls 
wait cows
320
Q

this is an STD of cattle

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

321
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus in cats is mainly transmitted what route

A

fecal - oral

322
Q

where in the cat does Tritrichomonas foetus live

A

colon

distal ileum

323
Q

you have an old cat and you decide to buy a kitten. After the kitten came, the old man cat started a lot of gas and diarrhea that won’t go away but the kitten is fine. what is going on here?!!?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

324
Q

Trichomonas spp hosts

A

domestic and wild fowl

325
Q

common name of Trichomonas spp in HAWKS

A

Frounce

326
Q

common name of Trichomonas spp in PIGEONS

A

CANKER

327
Q

where in your bird will you find Trichomonas spp

A

nasal cavity and upper GI

328
Q

how do you test for Trichomonas spp

A

swab the mouth / mucus and fluid

329
Q

what clinical sign is most obvious of Trichomonas spp

A

small yellowish lesions in the birds mouth / ulcerations

could lead to diarrhea and also death

330
Q

name 3 routes of entry for Trichomonas spp

A
  1. contaminated drinking water
  2. pigeon milk
  3. infective prey
331
Q

Histomonas spp host

A

fowl

**young turkeys

332
Q

vector for Histomonas spp

A

HETERAKIS

333
Q

T/F

Histomonas spp is pleiomorphic

A

TRUE

flagellated in the cecum
non flagellated in the liver

334
Q

what is the infective stage of Histomonas spp and where is it

A

the trophozoites in the eggs of the heterakis gallinarum

birds eat earthworms who ate the eggs (paratenic host)

335
Q

a good way to not have all your turkeys die from Histomonas spp

A

separate turkeys and chickens

336
Q

what is the name of the disease that Histomonas spp causes

A

blackhead in turkeys

337
Q

what does blackhead disease pathologically cause

A 
discoloration of head
hemorrhagic liver and cecum necrosis 
enterohepatitis 
yellow depressions on liver 
death in young turkeys
338
Q

diagnose Histomonas spp

A

NECROPSY

339
Q

Trypanosoma Cruzi hosts

A

dogs
cats
humans

340
Q

T/F

young are more susceptible to Trypanosoma Cruzi

A

TRUE

341
Q

common name of disease of Trypanosoma Cruzi

A

chaga’s disease

342
Q

diagnose Trypanosoma Cruzi

A

blood smear

PCR

343
Q

where does Trypanosoma Cruzi live

A

blood

cardiac and smooth muscles

344
Q

what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in the blood stream

A

elongated trypomastigote with flagella

345
Q

what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in muscles

A

amastigotes – NO flagella

346
Q

what is the required vector of Trypanosoma Cruzi

A

Triatomine “kissing bug”

347
Q

pathogenesis caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi

A 
cardiac diseases 
lethargy 
pale mucus membranes 
ascites 
hepatomegaly 
splenomegaly
348
Q

Leishmania spp common names

A

Visceral: Kala-azar
Cutaneous: Oriental Sore

349
Q

Leishmania spp hosts

A

dogs and humans

+ many reservoir species

350
Q

what stage of Leishmania spp is in the macrophages of the host

A

amastgiotes

351
Q

diagnostic testing for Leishmania spp

A

tissue biopsy
IFA
ELISA
PCR

352
Q

vector of Leishmania spp

A

sand fly

353
Q

where is the cutaneous form of Leishmania spp

A

Skin - causes cutaneous presentations and ulcers on lips and eyes

354
Q

visceral Leishmania spp form is where and causes what?

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

causes anemia and fever

355
Q

T/F

Isospora belongs to the coccidia order

A

TRUE

356
Q

T/F

Eimeria spp belongs to the coccidia order

A

TRUE

357
Q

Isospora canis host s

A

dogs

**young more susceptible

358
Q

Isospora canis routes of entry

A

paratenic hosts – rodents with sporulated oocyst

per os

359
Q

where does Isospora canis live

A

small intestine

360
Q

where does Isospora suis live

A

small intestine

361
Q

what age piglets does Isospora suis infect

A

1 - 2 weeks old

362
Q

Isospora spp cause what signs

A

yellow diarrhea
bloody diarrhea
high morbidity / low mortality

363
Q

T/F

pigs develop immunity to Isospora suis

A

TRUE

364
Q

how do pigs get Isospora suis

A

per os

365
Q

DX Isospora

A

fecal exam – oocysts

366
Q

Eimeria Leukarti host

A

horses

367
Q

Eimeria Leukarti location

A

small intestine

368
Q

what does Eimeria Leukarti cause in horses

A

it changes the mucosal lining of the small intestine and gives the horse intermittent diarrhea

369
Q

testing for Eimeria Leukarti

A

do a SUGAR fecal float (bc horses love sugar)

look for a large oval oocyst with a thick dark shell

370
Q

Eimeria in sheep and goats lives wher e

A

small and large intestine

371
Q

Eimeria in sheep and goats causes what

A

diarrhea
enteritis
dehydration

372
Q

Eimeria in sheep and goats diagnosis

A

fecal float

373
Q

two species of Eimeria in cattle

A
  1. E. bovis

2. E. zuermii

374
Q

where does Eimeria in cattle live

A

small and large intestine

375
Q

Eimeria in cattle causes …

A

diarrhea (mild to severe)

young animals

376
Q

diagnoses Eimeria in cattle

A

fecal float – mcmaster

377
Q

PPP of Eimeria in cattle

A

15 - 20 days

378
Q

Eimeria in birds .. name the species

A

E. Tenella

379
Q

E. Tenella is where in birds

A

the small and large intestine –

MOSTLY THE CECUM

380
Q

what does E. Tenella do to birds

A

blood clots in the cecum and they will have bloody diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality

DIE IN LIKE 6 DAYS SO SAD

381
Q

E. Tenella diagnosis

A

necropsy at cecum – clotted and bloody :(

382
Q

T/F

by definition, cats are only a definitive host of toxoplasma gondii ?

A

FALSE

by definition, also an intermediate host

383
Q

final host of toxoplasma gondii

A

cats

384
Q

intermediate host of toxoplasma gondii

A

many including humans, zoonotic

385
Q

how do cats get toxoplasma gondii

A

the cats eats the infected intermediate host

386
Q

how do we diagnose toxoplasma gondii in a cat

A

oocytes in fecal exam

387
Q

when will toxoplasma gondii be shed in a cats feces

A

for 1-2 weeks

388
Q

how long does it take the oocyst to sporulate and become infective?

A

1-5 days

389
Q

what does toxoplasma gondii do to humans

A

abortions

390
Q

what does toxoplasma gondii do to sheep and goats

A

abortions

391
Q

if your goat had an abortion and you notice the placenta cotyledons are bright red with white nodules…. why did the goat abort?

A

toxoplasma gondii

392
Q

help!! I am a pregnant single woman with a cat. I don’t want toxoplasma gondii, what should i do?!!?!?

A
  1. have someone else come change the litter aka DONT do it yourself
  2. Change the cat litter every single day so they dont have time to sporulate and become infective (2-5 days)
  3. DONT EAT RAW MEAT or let your cat on the counter
393
Q

T/F

you can get toxoplasma gondii from eating raw meat or contaminated water by the oocysts

A

true

394
Q

in toxoplasma gondii, what is the stage of life cycle called that is dormant in the intermediate hosts muscles/meat

A

bradyzoites

395
Q

if the mom gives her baby toxoplasma gondii through the placenta, what is the life cycle stage being passed called

A

tackyzoites

396
Q

you eat some raw meat of a mouse, but the toxoplasma gondii oocyst did not yet sporulate… will you get sick?

A

no because the sporulated stage is the infective stage

397
Q

how would you DX toxoplasma gondii in an intermediate host

A

serological tests - ELISA IFA

398
Q

T/F

cats develop immunity after being infected and will only shed for about 1-2 weeks entire life

A

TRUE

399
Q

Sarcocystis definitive host

A

dogs
cats
humans

400
Q

where does Sarcocystis live in the definitive host

A

GI tract

401
Q

intermediate host of Sarcocystis

A

cattle and herbivores

**can be FATAL

402
Q

where does Sarcocystis live in the intermediate host

A

muscles

403
Q

What causes abortions in cattle in the 3rd trimester

A

Sarcocystis

404
Q

direct host of Sarcocystis Neurona

A

opossum – no clinical signs

405
Q

aberrant host of Sarcocystis Neurona

A

HORSES

406
Q

what does Sarcocystis Neurona cause in horses

A

CNS symptoms

muscle atrophy (EPM)

407
Q

prevention of Sarcocystis Neurona

A

control wildlife

408
Q

prevention of Sarcocystis

A

avoid raw meat

prevent fecal contamination

409
Q

Neospora definitive host

A

dogs

410
Q

Neospora lives where in the DH

A

GIT

411
Q

Neospora intermediate host

A

dogs
cattle
sheep

412
Q

Neospora lives where in the IH

A

muscle and CNS

**intracellular, cyst in the striated muscles

413
Q

Causes abortions in cattle in the 2nd trimester (4-6mo)

A

Neospora

414
Q

Cryptosporidium IH

A

NONE

415
Q

Cryptosporidium DH

A

many animals – most importantly dairy cattle and people

416
Q

age range that is mostly affected by Cryptosporidium Parvum

A

less than 3 weeks old

417
Q

age range affected mostly by Cryptosporidium adersonni

A

greater than 3 weeks old

418
Q

what does Cryptosporidium cause

A

DIARRHEA (mild in some cases – severe in humans)

419
Q

T/F

there is a treatment for Cryptosporidium

A

FALSE – just suffer the butthole leakage and move on

420
Q

T/F

Cryptosporidium is self-limiting

A

TRUE

421
Q

protozoa of WBC

A

hepatozoon

422
Q

host of hepatozoon

A

DOGS

423
Q

how do dogs get hepatozoon

A

they eat ticks – amblyomma or rhiphicephalus

424
Q

what will hepatozoon cause to the dog

A

a lame dog

severe joint pain, myositis

425
Q

diagnose hepatozoon

A

tick and fly control
blood smear +/- stain
tissue biopsy

426
Q

T/F

there is a treatment for hepatozoon

A

FALSE

427
Q

cytauxzoon felis host

A

cats

428
Q

how do cats get cytauxzoon felis

A

amblyomma tick inoculation

429
Q

cytauxzoon felis causes what in cats

A 
fever 
anemia 
icterus 
occlusion of blood vessels 
death
430
Q

cytauxzoon felis is in what type of cell

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

431
Q

The protozoa that causes Texas Cattle Fever in cattle

A

Babesia bigemina

432
Q

Babesia bigemina is in what cells

A

red blood cells

433
Q

Babesia bigemina is inoculated by what

A

rhiphicephalus boophilus

434
Q

T/F

Babesia bigemina is reportable

A

TRUE

435
Q

what will Babesia bigemina cause in cows

A

in older cattle will cause anemia

436
Q

Babesia canis / gibini host

A

dogs and humans

437
Q

Babesia canis / gibini in what cells

A

red blood cells

438
Q

how is Babesia canis / gibini inoculated in the host

A

by the rhiphicephalus sangineus

439
Q

what will Babesia canis / gibini cause in the host

A

anemia
anorexia
depression
spleomegaly

440
Q

T/F

treatment for Babesia canis / gibini exists

A

FALSE

tick and fly control is SO SO important

441
Q

diagnose Babesia canis / gibini

A

use a blood smear (stain)

tissue biopsy

442
Q

the protozoa in the plasma

A

leukocytozoan

443
Q

leukocytozoan host

A

birds

444
Q

host is leukocytozoan transmitted

A

cullicoides spp flies

445
Q

what will leukocytozoan cause in the bird

A 
anemia 
labored breathing 
listlessness 
CNS signs 
death
446
Q

what does leukocytozoan look like in the blood cell

A

spindle shaped – tear drops in the cell

447
Q

T/F

treatment is not available for leukocytozoan

A

TRUE

tick and fly control is important

448
Q

diagnose leukocytozoan

A

blood smear

tissue biopsy

parasit (3 decks)

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