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Pharmaceutical Calculations > Buffers > Flashcards

Buffers Flashcards

1
Q

Buffers are used in which state of matters?

A

Only liquids

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2
Q

Some pharmaceutical solutions that buffers can act on

A

Oral solutions
Injections
Eye drops
Topical solutions

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3
Q

What are the topical solutions

A

Solutions that patients cannot swallow, e.g: mouth wash

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4
Q

Buffers are examples of:

A

Excipients

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5
Q

Vehicles are examples of excepients, what are vehicles?

A

Solvents

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6
Q

The pH scale

A

0-3 Strong acid
4-6 Weak acid
7 Neutral
8-10 Weak base
11-14 Strong base

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7
Q

The pH of the drug solutions is

A

From 6 to 8

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8
Q

What is the formula of the pH

A

pH= -log[H+]

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9
Q

What is the pH of the following body fluids
Blood plasma
Saliva
Sweat/urine
Tears
Gastric juice
Intestinal juice/ pancreatic juice
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid/ Cerebrospinal fluid/ Skin

A

Blood plasma - Neutral (7.4)
Saliva - Slightly acidic due to the bacteria
Sweat/urine - Slightly acidic
Tears - Neutral
Gastric juice - Strongly acidic
Intestinal juice/ Pancreatic juice - neutral - slightly basic
Interstitial fluid -
Intracellular fluid/ Cerebrospinal fluid/ Skin - Neutral

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10
Q

What happens if 1 mL of 0.1 M HCl is added to 100 mL of pure water?

A

The pH will drop from 7 to 3

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11
Q

What happens if 1 mL of 0.1 M HCl is added to 100 mL of water containing a buffer ?

A

The pH will drop from 7 to 6.91

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12
Q

Define Buffers

A

Solutions that resist the change in the pH, when a small amount of base or acid is added

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13
Q

What do the buffers contain?

A

Buffers consist of a mixture of a weak acid and one of its salts, or a weak base and one of its salts

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14
Q

Example of weak acid/its salt used in buffers

A

• Acetate buffer is made of:
-Acetic acid and sodium acetate
• Citrate buffer is made of:
-Citric acid and sodium citrate
• Phosphate buffer is made of:
-Phosphoric acid and sodium phospate

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15
Q

The pH of phosphate buffers

A

7.4, it is used in blood and it is found in the body

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16
Q

What happens if a strong acid such as HCl is added to the acetate buffer solution?

A

CH3COO-Na+ + H+Cl- = CH3COOH + NaCl

17
Q

What happens if a strong base such as NaOH is added to the acetate buffer solution?

A

CH3COO-H+ + Na+OH- = H2O + CH3COONa

18
Q

What is the buffer capacity?

A

The resistance to change in pH is known as buffer action or buffer capacity

19
Q

The effect of the strength of the buffer on resisting the change in the pH

A

A concentrated buffer can neutralize more added acid or base than a dilute buffer

20
Q

What could be the pH of the eye drops?

A

7

21
Q

What do you think the pH of the IV injection should be?

A

7.4

22
Q

What do you think the pH of the IV injection should be?

A

7.4

Pharmaceutical Calculations (12 decks)

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