buddeh 2 Flashcards
What is the role of the iris in the eye?
The iris adjusts pupil size to control the amount of light allowed in
The iris is the colored part of the eye.
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
The lens focuses light on the retina and changes shape to bring objects into focus.
What are photoreceptors?
Sensory receptor cells for vision called rods and cones located in the retina.
How many types of photoreceptors are there?
Two types: rods and cones.
What is the main function of rods?
Detect light, used for periphery and night vision.
What distinguishes cones from rods?
Cones are used for central and color vision and are very acute.
What is hue in the context of color perception?
The experience of color based on the wavelength of light.
Define saturation in color perception.
Purity of color; how bright or vivid it is.
What is brightness in relation to color?
How much light is reflected from the object.
What is the trichromatic theory?
There are three different sensors for color, each responding to a different range of wavelengths of light.
What does the opponent process theory explain?
Color pairs inhibit one another in the perception of color.
True or False: Color blindness means complete inability to see colors.
False.
What is visual agnosia?
Damage to the ‘what’ pathway; cannot visually recognize objects.
What is prosopagnosia?
A form of visual agnosia in which people cannot recognize faces.
What is hemi-neglect?
Damage to the ‘where’ pathway; people ignore one side of their visual field.
What does the proximity law in Gestalt psychology state?
Objects that are physically close together are grouped together.
What is the similarity law in Gestalt psychology?
Similar objects are grouped together.
What is the continuity law in Gestalt psychology?
Objects that continue a pattern are grouped together.
What does the closure law in Gestalt psychology imply?
We fill in small gaps in objects so that they are perceived as whole objects.
What is the figure-ground law in Gestalt psychology?
The tendency to perceive one aspect as the figure and the other as the background.
What are binocular cues?
Cues from both eyes used for depth perception.
What does retinal disparity refer to?
Different images of objects are cast on the retinas of each eye.
Define convergence in vision.
The tendency of the eyes to move toward each other as we focus on objects up close.
What is size constancy?
We perceive objects as the same size, regardless of distance from which they are viewed.
What is shape constancy?
We see an object as the same shape, no matter from what angle it is viewed.
What is strabismus?
Lack of coordinated movement of both eyes; affects about 2%-4% of the population.
What is amblyopia?
A loss of visual abilities in a weaker eye due to abnormal development of the brain’s visual cortex.
What is kinesthetic sense?
Receptor cells in muscles tell the brain when we are moving and where our body parts are in space.
What is the vestibular sense?
Located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear; movement of fluid tells us if we are standing up or swaying.
Fill in the blank: The _______ contains all cones.
fovea
Fill in the blank: The optic nerve carries messages from each eye to the _______.
visual cortex
