BSS Flashcards
define social support
the perceived comfort, caring, esteem or help received by others
what does social support influence, what hypothesis does this belong to
stress buffering hypothesis
how we perceive and respond to stress,
significantly reduces the impact of stress
what are the types of support
esteem support
support
comanionship
instrumental support
what is esteem support
self esteem increased by others
what is support support
avaliability of others to offer advice
what is companionship support
support through activities
what is instrumental support
physical help
what is social comparison
when you compare yourself to others duh
when you have lots of social support you are said to have?
high social capital
what is the biopsychosocial model
a philosophy of clinical care and a practical clinical guide
a way of understanding how suffering, disease and illness are affected by multiple levels of organisation- molecular to social
a way of understanding the subjective patient experience
developed by Engler to take all factors behind health into account
example of things to think about for the bio of biopsychosocial model
age
gender
genetics
physical health
things to think about for the psycho of biopsychosocial models
mental health
beliefs and attitudes
memory
knowledge
coping strategies
things to think about for the social of the biopsychosocial model
social support
education
socioeconomic status
relationships
what are the social determinants of health and what are they shaped by
social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, includes the health system
shaped by distribution of money, power, resources as influenced by policy choices
social determinants impact on health
social determinants of health mostly responsible for health inequities
what are some wider determinants of health
individual lifestyle
social and community networks
living and working conditions
general socioeconomic, cultural, environmental conditions
what is culture and what is it not interchangeable for
culture is the learned and shared behaviour of a community of interacting humans
it is not the same as race or ethnicity
what is the prevention paradox
a preventative measure that brings large benefits to the community, offers little to each individual
what is the inverse care law
availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with its need in population
evidence for the inverse care law?
relationship btwn social class and poor health
reduced uptake screening in deprived areas
less resources where most needed so lower consultation times
not a universal principle
long term condition is?
a condition that cannot, at present, be cured, but can be controlled by medication and other therapies
long term conditions requre? and may be?
require on going management and treatment over years and decades
may be physical, neurological, mental
effects of long term conditions on pt?
may lead to complications or multiple conditions
lack of independence
poor general wellbeing
can signif impact all areas
lack of understanind from people — isolation, loneliness, risk losing social contacts, loss of work
effects long term conditions in children?
may sig interfere with physical and emotional growth and development
likely fear, frustration, anger
less self esteem as less autonomous and reliant on others
burden on carers may be what or what type of burden
objective burden= practical, ie constraints on social, relationships, work
subjective burden= psychological effects
define behaviour
the way in which an animal/ person aacts in response to a particular situation/ stimulus
define communicable vs non communicable diseases
non communicable diseases: conditions not passed person to person, sually genetic/ behavioural factors. incl heart attack, cancers, diabetes etc
communicable diseases: infectious/ transmissible diseases, eg ebola, covid
both greatly influenced by behaviour
define compliance
degree to which patient follows advice of medical prof
define concordance
doctors and patients making decisions together
define adherence
extent to which a person’s behaviours are aligned with treatment/ management plans agreed with medical prof
list the 5 theories of behaviour
com-b model
transtheoretical stages of change model
PRIME theory
health belief model
self regulatory model
COM-B model?
3 components to all behaviours- C apability, O pportunity, M otivation
what does capability refer to in COM-B model
Capability: knowing what to do and how to do it and having necessary skills to do it
- psychological capability= knowledge
- physical capability= skills
what does opportunity refer to in COM-B model
Opportunity:
- physical opportunity= having resources for it, incl time and equip
- social opportunity= do other people want them to behave like that
what does motivation refer to in COM-B model
importance of this
motivation:
- reflective motivation= consider pros and cons
- automatic motivation= is the behaviour prompted/ cued without thinking about it, ie habit
automatic motivation explains why people continue doing unhealthy acts when know should stop
duality of motivation0 if they already know why shouldn’t, explore why they do instead
transtheoretical stages of change model
people are in different stages of changing their behaviour
pre-contemplation (not considering change)
contemplation (change is considered)
preparation (make plans to change)
action (initial change)
maintenance (leads to stable lifestyle)
lapse= reverting once, doesn’t have to be a relapse
relapse= if change stops and reverts
PRIME theory
plans
responses
impulses/ inhibitions
motives
evaluations
acc PRIME, behaviour happens in the moment
health belief model
suggests likelihood of someone adopting a behaviour is determined by perceived threat of their current actions and evaluation of outcome if change
perceived threat= perceived susceptibility to negative consequences and their severity
perceived benefits and barriers
cues to action
general health motivation
perceived control
h/e assumes behaviour is rational, doesn’t factor for emotion
self regulatory model
about how beliefs and emotions impact on behaviour
brought on by a new health risk eg new symptom/ diagnosis etc
health risk triggers cognitive representations and emotional representations in parallel
both feed into coping behaviours to appraisal of behaviours
5 cognitions:
identify what threat is
its cause
its timeline
the consequences
control/ curability
