BSLEC 3

Question 1

Techniques that allow us to make inferences about a population based on data that we gather from a sample

Answer 1

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Question 2

Study results will vary from sample to sample strictly due to ___

Answer 2

random chance

Question 3

allow us to determine how likely it is to obtain a set of results from a single sample

Answer 3

Inferential statistics

Question 4

This is also known as testing for “statistical significance

Answer 4

Inferential statistics

Question 5

When you use inferential statistics, you start with a ___and look to see whether the data are consistent with that ___

Answer 5

hypothesis

Question 6

the product of hypothesis testing via various statistical tests and is claimed to be significant most commonly when the value is 0.05 or less

Answer 6

p value

Question 7

The value 0.05 is___

Answer 7

arbitrary

Question 8

(99%) depending on requirements

Answer 8

power

Question 9

also known as a “false positive”

Answer 9

Type I error

Question 10

the error of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Answer 10

Type I error

Question 11

also known as a “false negative”

Answer 11

Type Il error

Question 12

the error of not rejecting a null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is the true state of nature

Answer 12

Type Il error

Question 13

this is the error of failing to accept an alternative hypothesis when you don’t have adequate power.

Answer 13

Type Il error

Question 14

there is no significant difference

Answer 14

Null hypothesis

Question 15

There is a significant difference

Answer 15

Alternative hypothesis

Question 16

a measure of the researchers’ uncertainty in the sample statistic as an estimate of the population parameter, if less than the whole population is studied.

Answer 16

Confidence interval

Question 17

usually set at 95% by convention

Answer 17

Confidence interval

Question 18

_____helps us decide whether two quantities are significantly different but does not tell us how different (degree) they are.

Answer 18

P-VALUES

Question 19

whilst standard errors shrink with increasing sample size, the researcher should be seeking to reach an optimal sample size, rather than the maximal sample size.

Answer 19

The standard error

Question 20

. standard deviation, of the effect being studied e the less variability in the sample, the more precise the estimate in the population and therefore a narrower range.

Answer 20

The mean and the variability

Question 21

the more confident someone wants to be in the obtained results, the higher the confidence interval needs to be, In other words, if a 99% confidence interval is desired then the range will have to be wider, to cover the extra data that needs to be covered over and above the arbitrary 95%,

Answer 21

The degree of confidence required

Question 22

Probability of an event the relative frequency of this set of outcomes over an Indefinitely large (or Infinite) number of trials

Answer 22

Probability

Question 23

Any set of outcomes of interest

Answer 23

Event

Question 24

The set of all possible outcomes of a random phenomenon

Answer 24

Sample space

Question 25

Events that do not affect each other.

Multiply

Answer 25

Independent Events

Question 26

Events that affect each other i.e. with no replacement.

Answer 26

Dependent Events

Question 27

Events that can not occur at the same time.

Answer 27

Mutually Exclusive Events

Question 28

Events can occur at the same time.

Answer 28

Non-Mutually Exclusive Events

Question 29

Frequently called the Gaussian distribution after ____________

Answer 29

Karl Freidrich Gauss