BSLEC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Techniques that allow us to make inferences about a population based on data that we gather from a sample

A

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

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2
Q

Study results will vary from sample to sample strictly due to ___

A

random chance

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3
Q

allow us to determine how likely it is to obtain a set of results from a single sample

A

Inferential statistics

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4
Q

This is also known as testing for “statistical significance

A

Inferential statistics

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5
Q

When you use inferential statistics, you start with a ___and look to see whether the data are consistent with that ___

A

hypothesis

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6
Q

the product of hypothesis testing via various statistical tests and is claimed to be significant most commonly when the value is 0.05 or less

A

p value

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7
Q

The value 0.05 is___

A

arbitrary

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8
Q

(99%) depending on requirements

A

power

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9
Q

also known as a “false positive”

A

Type I error

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10
Q

the error of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is actually true.

A

Type I error

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11
Q

also known as a “false negative”

A

Type Il error

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12
Q

the error of not rejecting a null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is the true state of nature

A

Type Il error

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13
Q

this is the error of failing to accept an alternative hypothesis when you don’t have adequate power.

A

Type Il error

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14
Q

there is no significant difference

A

Null hypothesis

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15
Q

There is a significant difference

A

Alternative hypothesis

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16
Q

a measure of the researchers’ uncertainty in the sample statistic as an estimate of the population parameter, if less than the whole population is studied.

A

Confidence interval

17
Q

usually set at 95% by convention

A

Confidence interval

18
Q

_____helps us decide whether two quantities are significantly different but does not tell us how different (degree) they are.

19
Q

whilst standard errors shrink with increasing sample size, the researcher should be seeking to reach an optimal sample size, rather than the maximal sample size.

A

The standard error

20
Q

. standard deviation, of the effect being studied e the less variability in the sample, the more precise the estimate in the population and therefore a narrower range.

A

The mean and the variability

21
Q

the more confident someone wants to be in the obtained results, the higher the confidence interval needs to be, In other words, if a 99% confidence interval is desired then the range will have to be wider, to cover the extra data that needs to be covered over and above the arbitrary 95%,

A

The degree of confidence required

22
Q

Probability of an event the relative frequency of this set of outcomes over an Indefinitely large (or Infinite) number of trials

A

Probability

23
Q

Any set of outcomes of interest

24
Q

The set of all possible outcomes of a random phenomenon

A

Sample space

25
Events that do not affect each other. | Multiply
Independent Events
26
Events that affect each other i.e. with no replacement.
Dependent Events
27
Events that can not occur at the same time.
Mutually Exclusive Events
28
Events can occur at the same time.
Non-Mutually Exclusive Events
29
Frequently called the Gaussian distribution after ____________
Karl Freidrich Gauss