BSLEC 1

Question 1

Set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

some of the most fundamental tools and techniques of the scientific method:

Answer 2

forming hypotheses.
designing experiments and observational studies,
gathering data,
summarizing data,
drawing inferences from data (e.g., testing hypotheses)

Question 3

refers to a numerical quantity computed from sample data (e.g., the mean, the median, the maximum)

Answer 3

statistic

Question 4

study and development of statistical theory and methods in the abstract

Answer 4

Mathematical Statistics

Question 5

application of statistical methods to solve real problems involving randomly generated data, and the development of new statistical methodology motivated by real problems

Answer 5

Applied Statistics

Question 6

branch of applied statistics directed toward applications in the health sciences and biology

Answer 6

Biostatistics

Question 7

the set of all measurements of interest to a researcher.

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

Populations can be thought of as ___

Answer 8

existing or conceptual.

Question 9

well-defined sets of data containing elements that could be identified explicitly

Answer 9

Existing populations

Question 10

are non-existing, yet visualized, or imaginable, sets of measurements.

Answer 10

Conceptual populations

Question 11

Set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a research study

Answer 11

Sample

Question 12

A value, usually numerical value, that describes a population

Answer 12

Parameter

Question 13

A value, usually a numerical value, that

describes a sample

Answer 13

Statistics

Question 14

Usually derived from measurements of the individuals in the population

Answer 14

Parameter

Question 15

A sample statistic is ____ of the average of the statistic is equal to the population parameter.

Answer 15

unbiased

Question 16

A sample statistic is ___ if the average value of the statistic either underestimates or overestimates the corresponding population parameter.

Answer 16

biased

Question 17

Two types of variables

Answer 17

Qualitative variables

Quantitative variables

Question 18

can assume numeric values

Answer 18

Quantitative variables

Question 19

Nonnumeric in nature

Answer 19

Qualitative variables

Question 20

Quantitative variables

are classified into two groups:

Answer 20

discrete variables and continuous variable

Question 21

Variable having only Integer values

Answer 21

Discrete variables

Question 22

variable that is not restricted to particular values

Answer 22

Continuous variable

Question 23

Observations (I.e., dependent variables) that occur in one of two possible states, often labelled zero and one.

Answer 23

Binary variable

Question 24

Usually an independent or predictor variable that contains values indicating membership in one of several possible categories

Answer 24

Categorical Variable

Question 25

A variable that obscures the effects of another variable.

Answer 25

Confounding variable

Question 26

An extraneous variable that an investigator does not wish to examine in a study.

Answer 26

Control variable

Question 27

The presumed effect in a nonexperimental study.

Answer 27

Criterion variable

Question 28

The presumed effect in an experimental study.

Answer 28

Dependent variable

Question 29

Created by recoding categorical variables that have more than two categories into a series of binary variables,

Answer 29

Dummy Variables

Question 30

A variable that is an inherent part of the system being studied and that is determined from within the system.

Answer 30

Endogenous variable

Question 31

A variable entering from and determined from outside of the system being studied

Answer 31

Exogenous variable

Question 32

The presumed cause in an experimental study. All other variables that may impact the andent dependent variable are controlled.

Answer 32

Independent variable

Question 33

A variable that explains a relation or provides a causal link between other variables.

Answer 33

Intervening variable .

Question 34

lso called by some authors "mediating variable" or "Intermediary variable."

Answer 34

Intervening variable .

Question 35

An underlying variable that cannot be observed.

Answer 35

Latent variable

Question 36

An observed variable assumed to indicate the presence of a latent variable.

Answer 36

Manifest variable

Question 37

Also known as an Indicator variable.

Answer 37

Manifest variable

Question 38

Synonym for intervening variable.

Answer 38

Mediating variable

Question 39

A variable that influences, or moderates, the relation between two other variables and thus produces an interaction effect.

Answer 39

Moderating variable

Question 40

A variable used to rank a sample of individuals with respect to some characteristics, but differences (.e., Intervals) and different points of the scale are not necessarily equivalent.

Answer 40

Ordinal variable

Question 41

The presumed effect in a nonexperimental study. Synonym for criterion variable,

Answer 41

Outcome variable

Question 42

Variables that can have more than two possible values, Strictly speaking, this includes all but binary variables.

Answer 42

Polychotomous variables

Question 43

The presumed "cause" of a nonexperimental study. Often used in correlational studies.

Answer 43

Predictor variable

Question 44

Measurements or observations

Answer 44

Data

Question 45

A collection of measurements or observations

Answer 45

Data set

Question 46

A single measurement or observation and is commonly called a score or raw score.

Answer 46

Datum

Question 47

Firsthand data or raw data

Answer 47

PRIMARY DATA

Question 48

which is already collected and recorded by any person other than the user for a purpose, not relating to the current research problem

Answer 48

Second-hand information

Question 49

readily available form of data collected from various sources like censuses, government publications, internal records of the organization, reports, books, journal articles, websites, etc.

Answer 49

SECONDARY DATA

Question 50

Two Types of Statistical Method

Answer 50

Descriptive statistics | Inferential statistics

Question 51

Concerned with the describing the target population

Answer 51

Descriptive Statistics

Question 52

Make inferences from the sample and generalize them to the population.

Answer 52

Inferential Statistics

Question 53

Compares,tests and predicts future outcomes.

Answer 53

Inferential Statistics

Question 54

Organize,analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner

Answer 54

Descriptive Statistics

Question 55

Final results are shown in form of charts, tables and graph

Answer 55

Descriptive Statistics

Question 56

Final result is the probability scores

Answer 56

Inferential Statistics