BS

Question 1

Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying:
A. internal medicine.
B. behavior and mental processes.
C. mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment.
D. the disorders of the central nervous system.

Answer 1

B. behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?
A. Obfuscation
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Explanation

Answer 2

A. Obfuscation

Question 3

In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists:
A. rely on the scientific method.
B. use their intuition.
C. rely on the study of internal medicine.
D. use speculation.

Answer 3

A. rely on the scientific method.

Question 4

Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world?
A. Behavioral neuroscience
B. Developmental psychology
C. Experimental psychology
D. Health psychology

Answer 4

C. Experimental psychology

Question 5

Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez’s work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.
A. cognitive
B. experimental
C. developmental
D. behavioral neuroscience

Answer 5

D. behavioral neuroscience

Question 6

Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and
behavior
B. Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death
C. Experimental: examines the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking
D. Clinical: deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders

Answer 6

B. Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death

Question 7

Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood; Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Chen is a(n) _____ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a _____.
A. experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist
B. health psychologist; clinical psychologist
C. developmental psychologist; personality psychologist
D. clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist

Answer 7

C. developmental psychologist; personality psychologist

Question 8

Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world. Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives?
A. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective
B. Dr. Greenway—cognitive perspective; Dr. Cech—behavioral perspective
C. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—humanistic perspective
D. Dr. Greenway—psychodynamic perspective; Dr. Cech—humanistic perspective

Answer 8

A. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective

Question 9

The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions is known as the _____ perspective.
A. psychodynamic
B. nature-nurture
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience

Answer 9

D. neuroscience

Question 10

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Structuralism; emphasized what the mind does
B. Functionalism; emphasized the elements of mental experience
C. Humanism; emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior
D. Gestalt psychology; emphasized the organization of perception

Answer 10

D. Gestalt psychology; emphasized the organization of perception

Question 11

The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on:
A. free will.
B. environmental determinism.
C. natural selection.
D. unconscious motives.

Answer 11

A. free will.

Question 12

Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a “nature” stance on the nature vs. nurture issue.
A. behaviorist
B. cognitive
C. neuroscience
D. evolutionary

Answer 12

A. behaviorist

Question 13

Dr. Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made. He is most likely a _____ therapist.
A. psychodynamic
B. clinical neuroscience
C. humanistic
D. gestalt

Answer 13

C. humanistic

Question 14

What is cultural competence in medical education?
a) The ability to speak multiple languages fluently
b) The capacity to provide effective healthcare to diverse patient populations
c) The knowledge of traditional medicine practices
d) The skill of diagnosing diseases based on cultural symbols

Answer 14

b) The capacity to provide effective healthcare to diverse patient populations

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a cultural competency skill that medical students can develop?
a) Avoiding any mention of cultural backgrounds during patient interactions
b) Stereotyping patients based on their ethnicities
c) Tailoring treatment plans to individual patients’ cultural needs
d) Assuming that all patients have the same cultural beliefs

Answer 15

c) Tailoring treatment plans to individual patients’ cultural needs

Question 16

Which step is often considered the first in addressing cultural issues in medical education?
a) Implementing diversity quotas in medical schools
b) Acknowledging the presence of cultural diversity
c) Developing cultural competence training programs
d) Assigning patients to culturally similar physicians

Answer 16

b) Acknowledging the presence of cultural diversity

Question 17

How do cultural factors impact disease management, including risk factors?
a) Cultural factors have no impact on disease management
b) Cultural factors affect risk factors through genetic differences
c) Cultural factors only affect the choice of medical treatments
d) Cultural factors impact risk factors through behavioral differences among patients from different cultures

Answer 17

d) Cultural factors impact risk factors through behavioral differences among patients from different cultures

Question 17

What is one potential outcome of developing a culturally competent medical workforce?
a) Reduced health inequalities and the ability to deliver respectful care
b) A decrease in healthcare accessibility for culturally diverse patients
c) Increased health disparities among diverse populations
d) A decrease in the importance of understanding patient backgrounds

Answer 17

a) Reduced health inequalities and the ability to deliver respectful care

Question 18

In the context of medical education, which of the following best defines culture?
a) The study of traditional medical practices in a specific community
b) The behaviors, beliefs, and characteristics of a particular social or age group
c) The values and practices of a specific social or age group
d) The universal principles of healthcare ethics

Answer 18

b) The behaviors, beliefs, and characteristics of a particular social or age group

Question 19

What are some of the serious risks associated with migration?
a) Economic risks and job insecurity
b) Language barriers and cultural misunderstandings
c) Risks to both human rights and health
d) Environmental risks and climate change concerns

Answer 19

c) Risks to both human rights and health

Question 20

What is the consequence of increasing cultural and social complexity in societies?
a) It creates a requirement for new changes in public health
b) It decreases the importance of human rights
c) It reduces the need for changes in public health
d) It leads to a decrease in medical delivery

Answer 20

a) It creates a requirement for new changes in public health

Question 21

What characterizes the traditional biomedical approach to healthcare?
a) It focuses on the person as a whole
b) It prioritizes psychosocial and cultural factors in diagnosis
c) It emphasizes the importance of preventive care
d) It primarily concentrates on the disease or individual’s body

Answer 21

d) It primarily concentrates on the disease or individual’s body

Question 22

Why is it important for medical professionals to appreciate how psychosocial factors can influence the onset and persistence of diseases?
a) To focus exclusively on disease management
b) To maintain the traditional biomedical approach
c) To better understand and address patients’ health needs
d) To reduce the importance of psychosocial factors in healthcare

Answer 22

c) To better understand and address patients’ health needs

Question 23

Why might individuals from rural regions face challenges in accessing healthcare?
a) Because they prefer traditional remedies over modern medicine
b) Because rural regions typically have an abundance of healthcare services
c) Because there are often fewer healthcare services available locally
d) Because they have higher incomes and can afford healthcare

Answer 23

c) Because there are often fewer healthcare services available locally

Question 24

Why do individuals who are both poor and from rural regions face particular challenges in achieving or maintaining health? a) Because they have access to an abundance of healthcare resources b) Because they often prioritize healthcare spending over other expenses c) Because they don't face any unique challenges d) Because they have limited access to healthcare services and limited resources for medical care

Answer 24

d) Because they have limited access to healthcare services and limited resources for medical care

Question 25

What is socialization, and what is its significance? a) Socialization is the process of learning culture, but it has no impact on personality development. b) Socialization is a short-term process that mainly affects human potential. c) Socialization is the lifelong social experience that influences human potential and personality development. d) Socialization has no long-term effects on individuals.

Answer 25

c) Socialization is the lifelong social experience that influences human potential and personality development.

Question 26

Which of the following best represents the contemporary view on the nature-nurture debate? a) Nature determines everything about a person's development b) Nurture is solely responsible for personality and behavior c) Both nature and nurture interact to shape an individual's development d) Nature and nurture have no impact on human development

Answer 26

c) Both nature and nurture interact to shape an individual's development

Question 27

In Erikson's stages of development, the stage of "Identity vs. Role Confusion" is primarily associated with which age group? a) Infancy b) Early childhood c) Adolescence d) Middle adulthood

Answer 27

c) Adolescence

Question 28

What is the central conflict in Erikson's "Generativity vs. Stagnation" stage, typically occurring in middle adulthood? a) Establishing trust in others b) Finding a sense of identity c) Nurturing the next generation and contributing to society d) Achieving intimacy in relationships

Answer 28

c) Nurturing the next generation and contributing to society

Question 29

Sarah, a teenager, is exploring her sense of self and personal identity. She is trying out different clothing styles, hairstyles, and hobbies to determine who she wants to become. Which stage of Erikson's development is Sarah likely experiencing? a) Trust vs. Mistrust b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt c) Initiative vs. Guilt d) Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 29

d) Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 30

Ohn, an elderly man, reflects on his life and feels a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. He believes that he has lived a meaningful and purposeful life, and he is ready to accept the end of his journey with a sense of peace. Which stage of Erikson's development characterizes John's current phase? a) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt b) Generativity vs. Stagnation c) Integrity vs. Despair d) Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 30

c) Integrity vs. Despair n

Question 31

In which agent of socialization are individuals exposed to cultural norms, values, and beliefs through institutions such as schools and civic organizations? a) Family b) Peers c) Education d) Mass media

Answer 31

c) Education

Question 32

What distinguishes a peer group from the family and school? a) Peer groups are larger in size b) Peer groups have adults as members c) Peer groups offer direct adult supervision d) Peer groups allow children to escape direct adult supervision

Answer 32

d) Peer groups allow children to escape direct adult supervision

Question 33

What is anticipatory socialization? a) The process of learning from peers b) Learning that helps individuals achieve a desired position c) Learning within the family unit d) The process of escaping adult supervision

Answer 33

b) Learning that helps individuals achieve a desired position

Question 34

During which stage of grief in the Kübler-Ross model do individuals seek ways to negotiate or make deals to reverse or alleviate their situation? a) Denial b) Anger c) Bargaining d) Acceptance

Answer 34

c) Bargaining

Question 35

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, how many stages are typically associated with the process of grieving? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6

Answer 35

c) 5

Question 36

How do parents primarily transmit their norms and values, especially related to dietary habits, to their children? a) Through formal education b) Via peer groups and friends c) By example and socialization d) By genetic inheritance

Answer 36

c) By example and socialization

Question 37

In situations where people knowingly engage in behaviors that harm their health, what might they believe justifies their actions? a) They believe their actions have no impact on health b) They prioritize health over other benefits c) They believe the benefits outweigh the harm d) They have complete knowledge about health risks

Answer 37

c) They believe the benefits outweigh the harm

Question 38

What is resocialization, as described by Erving Goffman? a) The process of maintaining one's existing social identity b) The process of learning new norms and values when entering a new social environment c) The process of avoiding social interactions and isolation d) The process of preserving traditional cultural practices

Answer 38

b) The process of learning new norms and values when entering a new social environment

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a total institution, as conceptualized by Goffman? a) A public school where students learn academic subjects b) A workplace where employees follow company policies c) A rehabilitation center for individuals with drug addiction d) A community center where people gather for social events

Answer 39

c) A rehabilitation center for individuals with drug addiction

Question 40

Which life stage is often associated with the process of anticipatory socialization, where individuals prepare for future roles and responsibilities? a) Adolescence b) Early adulthood c) Adolescence d) Late adulthood

Answer 40

b) Early adulthood