BS Flashcards
Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying:
A. internal medicine.
B. behavior and mental processes.
C. mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment.
D. the disorders of the central nervous system.
B. behavior and mental processes.
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?
A. Obfuscation
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Explanation
A. Obfuscation
In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists:
A. rely on the scientific method.
B. use their intuition.
C. rely on the study of internal medicine.
D. use speculation.
A. rely on the scientific method.
Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world?
A. Behavioral neuroscience
B. Developmental psychology
C. Experimental psychology
D. Health psychology
C. Experimental psychology
Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez’s work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.
A. cognitive
B. experimental
C. developmental
D. behavioral neuroscience
D. behavioral neuroscience
Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and
behavior
B. Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death
C. Experimental: examines the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking
D. Clinical: deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
B. Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death
Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood; Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Chen is a(n) _____ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a _____.
A. experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist
B. health psychologist; clinical psychologist
C. developmental psychologist; personality psychologist
D. clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist
C. developmental psychologist; personality psychologist
Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world. Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives?
A. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective
B. Dr. Greenway—cognitive perspective; Dr. Cech—behavioral perspective
C. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—humanistic perspective
D. Dr. Greenway—psychodynamic perspective; Dr. Cech—humanistic perspective
A. Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective
The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions is known as the _____ perspective.
A. psychodynamic
B. nature-nurture
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience
D. neuroscience
Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Structuralism; emphasized what the mind does
B. Functionalism; emphasized the elements of mental experience
C. Humanism; emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior
D. Gestalt psychology; emphasized the organization of perception
D. Gestalt psychology; emphasized the organization of perception
The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on:
A. free will.
B. environmental determinism.
C. natural selection.
D. unconscious motives.
A. free will.
Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a “nature” stance on the nature vs. nurture issue.
A. behaviorist
B. cognitive
C. neuroscience
D. evolutionary
A. behaviorist
Dr. Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made. He is most likely a _____ therapist.
A. psychodynamic
B. clinical neuroscience
C. humanistic
D. gestalt
C. humanistic
What is cultural competence in medical education?
a) The ability to speak multiple languages fluently
b) The capacity to provide effective healthcare to diverse patient populations
c) The knowledge of traditional medicine practices
d) The skill of diagnosing diseases based on cultural symbols
b) The capacity to provide effective healthcare to diverse patient populations
Which of the following is an example of a cultural competency skill that medical students can develop?
a) Avoiding any mention of cultural backgrounds during patient interactions
b) Stereotyping patients based on their ethnicities
c) Tailoring treatment plans to individual patients’ cultural needs
d) Assuming that all patients have the same cultural beliefs
c) Tailoring treatment plans to individual patients’ cultural needs
Which step is often considered the first in addressing cultural issues in medical education?
a) Implementing diversity quotas in medical schools
b) Acknowledging the presence of cultural diversity
c) Developing cultural competence training programs
d) Assigning patients to culturally similar physicians
b) Acknowledging the presence of cultural diversity
How do cultural factors impact disease management, including risk factors?
a) Cultural factors have no impact on disease management
b) Cultural factors affect risk factors through genetic differences
c) Cultural factors only affect the choice of medical treatments
d) Cultural factors impact risk factors through behavioral differences among patients from different cultures
d) Cultural factors impact risk factors through behavioral differences among patients from different cultures
What is one potential outcome of developing a culturally competent medical workforce?
a) Reduced health inequalities and the ability to deliver respectful care
b) A decrease in healthcare accessibility for culturally diverse patients
c) Increased health disparities among diverse populations
d) A decrease in the importance of understanding patient backgrounds
a) Reduced health inequalities and the ability to deliver respectful care
In the context of medical education, which of the following best defines culture?
a) The study of traditional medical practices in a specific community
b) The behaviors, beliefs, and characteristics of a particular social or age group
c) The values and practices of a specific social or age group
d) The universal principles of healthcare ethics
b) The behaviors, beliefs, and characteristics of a particular social or age group
What are some of the serious risks associated with migration?
a) Economic risks and job insecurity
b) Language barriers and cultural misunderstandings
c) Risks to both human rights and health
d) Environmental risks and climate change concerns
c) Risks to both human rights and health
What is the consequence of increasing cultural and social complexity in societies?
a) It creates a requirement for new changes in public health
b) It decreases the importance of human rights
c) It reduces the need for changes in public health
d) It leads to a decrease in medical delivery
a) It creates a requirement for new changes in public health
What characterizes the traditional biomedical approach to healthcare?
a) It focuses on the person as a whole
b) It prioritizes psychosocial and cultural factors in diagnosis
c) It emphasizes the importance of preventive care
d) It primarily concentrates on the disease or individual’s body
d) It primarily concentrates on the disease or individual’s body
Why is it important for medical professionals to appreciate how psychosocial factors can influence the onset and persistence of diseases?
a) To focus exclusively on disease management
b) To maintain the traditional biomedical approach
c) To better understand and address patients’ health needs
d) To reduce the importance of psychosocial factors in healthcare
c) To better understand and address patients’ health needs
Why might individuals from rural regions face challenges in accessing healthcare?
a) Because they prefer traditional remedies over modern medicine
b) Because rural regions typically have an abundance of healthcare services
c) Because there are often fewer healthcare services available locally
d) Because they have higher incomes and can afford healthcare
c) Because there are often fewer healthcare services available locally
Why do individuals who are both poor and from rural regions face particular challenges in achieving or maintaining health?
a) Because they have access to an abundance of healthcare resources
b) Because they often prioritize healthcare spending over other expenses
c) Because they don’t face any unique challenges
d) Because they have limited access to healthcare services and limited resources for medical care
d) Because they have limited access to healthcare services and limited resources for medical care
What is socialization, and what is its significance?
a) Socialization is the process of learning culture, but it has no impact on personality development.
b) Socialization is a short-term process that mainly affects human potential.
c) Socialization is the lifelong social experience that influences human potential and personality development.
d) Socialization has no long-term effects on individuals.
c) Socialization is the lifelong social experience that influences human potential and personality development.
Which of the following best represents the contemporary view on the nature-nurture debate?
a) Nature determines everything about a person’s development
b) Nurture is solely responsible for personality and behavior
c) Both nature and nurture interact to shape an individual’s development
d) Nature and nurture have no impact on human development
c) Both nature and nurture interact to shape an individual’s development
In Erikson’s stages of development, the stage of “Identity vs. Role Confusion” is primarily associated with which age group?
a) Infancy
b) Early childhood
c) Adolescence
d) Middle adulthood
c) Adolescence
What is the central conflict in Erikson’s “Generativity vs. Stagnation” stage, typically occurring in middle adulthood?
a) Establishing trust in others
b) Finding a sense of identity
c) Nurturing the next generation and contributing to society
d) Achieving intimacy in relationships
c) Nurturing the next generation and contributing to society
Sarah, a teenager, is exploring her sense of self and personal identity. She is trying out different clothing styles, hairstyles, and hobbies to determine who she wants to become. Which stage of Erikson’s development is Sarah likely experiencing?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Identity vs. Role Confusion
d) Identity vs. Role Confusion
Ohn, an elderly man, reflects on his life and feels a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. He believes that he has lived a meaningful and purposeful life, and he is ready to accept the end of his journey with a sense of peace. Which stage of Erikson’s development characterizes John’s current phase?
a) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b) Generativity vs. Stagnation
c) Integrity vs. Despair
d) Industry vs. Inferiority
c) Integrity vs. Despair
n
In which agent of socialization are individuals exposed to cultural norms, values, and beliefs through institutions such as schools and civic organizations?
a) Family
b) Peers
c) Education
d) Mass media
c) Education
What distinguishes a peer group from the family and school?
a) Peer groups are larger in size
b) Peer groups have adults as members
c) Peer groups offer direct adult supervision
d) Peer groups allow children to escape direct adult supervision
d) Peer groups allow children to escape direct adult supervision
What is anticipatory socialization?
a) The process of learning from peers
b) Learning that helps individuals achieve a desired position
c) Learning within the family unit
d) The process of escaping adult supervision
b) Learning that helps individuals achieve a desired position
During which stage of grief in the Kübler-Ross model do individuals seek ways to negotiate or make deals to reverse or alleviate their situation?
a) Denial
b) Anger
c) Bargaining
d) Acceptance
c) Bargaining
According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, how many stages are typically associated with the process of grieving?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
c) 5
How do parents primarily transmit their norms and values, especially related to dietary habits, to their children?
a) Through formal education
b) Via peer groups and friends
c) By example and socialization
d) By genetic inheritance
c) By example and socialization
In situations where people knowingly engage in behaviors that harm their health, what might they believe justifies their actions?
a) They believe their actions have no impact on health
b) They prioritize health over other benefits
c) They believe the benefits outweigh the harm
d) They have complete knowledge about health risks
c) They believe the benefits outweigh the harm
What is resocialization, as described by Erving Goffman?
a) The process of maintaining one’s existing social identity
b) The process of learning new norms and values when entering a new social environment
c) The process of avoiding social interactions and isolation
d) The process of preserving traditional cultural practices
b) The process of learning new norms and values when entering a new social environment
Which of the following is an example of a total institution, as conceptualized by Goffman?
a) A public school where students learn academic subjects
b) A workplace where employees follow company policies
c) A rehabilitation center for individuals with drug addiction
d) A community center where people gather for social events
c) A rehabilitation center for individuals with drug addiction
Which life stage is often associated with the process of anticipatory socialization, where individuals prepare for future roles and responsibilities?
a) Adolescence
b) Early adulthood
c) Adolescence
d) Late adulthood
b) Early adulthood
