bryozoa and deuterostomes Flashcards
what are some features of pryozoa
polymorphic zooids mostly marine
what are some information about the colony form of bryozoans
most species lack stolons, each zooid is in direct contact
what are some growth forms of bryozoae
crust like
nodular or coral like growth forms
bushy seaweeds like forms
pompom like seaweed growth forms
colonies normally supported by calcified body wall but can be supported by rubbery extracellular matrix
some colonies can be stolonifourus
what are the two forms of zooids
auto and hetero zooid
what are some examples of heterozooid polymorphism and their functions
kenozooid - forms stolon
avicularia - defensive jaws
vibricular - window wipers
ovicell and gonozooids - reproductive structures
what are some characteristics of echindoderms
all marine, mostly large, radial symmetry, secondarily derived(larvae are symmetrical) internal skeleton of calcified ossicles can project as spines
mutable connective tissue can be hard or soft
water vascular system
pentagonal radial symmetry mostly
what are the echidnoderm classes
asteriodea - starfish
crinoidea - featherstars
ophiuroidea - brittle stars
echinoidea - urchins
holothuroidea - sea cucumber
what are some features of asteroidea
mainly coastal distribution
mostly pentamerous can be up to 40
water vascular system
madreporite intakes seawater
mouth on underside(oral surface) arm grooves are either 2 or 4 rows of tube feet
endoskeleton is a lattice of calcium with magnesium can be stiffened and softened as required
feeds on bivalves, pulls them open and eversible stomach adds acid
what are some features of ophiuroidea
arms more segmented than starfish, moves faster, no ambicular groove and tube feet less used for movement, madreporite on oral surface
filter feeder
what are some features of echinoidea
no arms, circular body
ossicles linked to form test
spines on surface are moveable
either epibenthic or burrower
madreporite is on anus plate
tube feet in meridians around anus
irregular echinoidea showing signs of bilateria redeveloping
what are some features of holothuroidea
elongated along mouth ass
tube feet modified as buccal tentacles
suspension feeders
what are some features of crinoidea(featherstars)
ancient and primitive, oral surface is upward facing
feather stars free living but attached as infant stages
what are some features of ascidians
the larvea have notochrods as a prespinal collumn and nerves as neural tubes
adults are dual pored filter feeders using a basket filter and two siphons
what are some features of solitary and various colonial forms of ascidians
solitary forms can be as smalll as a grain of rice to being as large as a potato
there are several colonial formations preformed by different species such as
stonoliforus - where one animal has many baskets connected by stoloniferas
lightbulb forms where many ascidians share a tunic
football forms where they form clumps of ascidians, each still having its own buccal pores
and finally a very modified one where they share an anus like they’re at a party
