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Neuro > BRS questions > Flashcards

BRS questions Flashcards

0
Q

Amenorrhea, visual field defects, specifically bitemporal hemianopia

A

pituitary adenoma

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1
Q

The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the

A

medial preoptic nucleus

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2
Q

Extends from the posterior hypthalmic nucleus to the caudal medulla

A

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

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3
Q

interconnects the hypothalamus and the mygdaloid complex

A

stria terminalis

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4
Q

is the largest projection to the hypothalamus

A

fornix

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5
Q

connects the septal area to the midbrain tegmentum

A

arcuate, interconnects the septal, hypothalamus, midbrain tegmentum

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6
Q

connects fibers from the hippocampal formation to the mamillary nucleus

A

fornix

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7
Q

lies between the caudate nucleus and thalamus

A

stria terminalis

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8
Q

separates the medial hypothalamus from the lateral hypothalamus

A

the column of fornix

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9
Q

amenorrhea and galactorrhea

A

pituitary adenoma

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10
Q

hemorrhagic lesions in the mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

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11
Q

associated with the Rathke pouch

A

Craniopharyngloma

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12
Q

destruction of the anterior hypothalamic nuclei

A

hyperthermia

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13
Q

stimulation of the ventromedial nuclei

A

anorexia, inhibits the urge to eat

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14
Q

bilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

A

obesity and savage behavior

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15
Q

bilateral lesions of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei

A

inability to thermoregulate (poikilothermia)

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16
Q

destruction of the supraoptic + paraventricular nuclei

A

diabetes insidious, with polydipsia and polyuria

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17
Q

is due to a thiamine (vitamin B) deficiency

A

wernicke encephalopathy

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18
Q

which thalamic nuclei has motor function?

A

ventral lateral, ventral anterior, centromedian nuclei

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19
Q

spinothalamic fibers project to wich of the following thalamic nuclei?

A

VPL nucleus, which receives medial lemniscus

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20
Q

cerebellar fibers project to which thalamic nuclei?

A

ventral lateral nucleus

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21
Q

globus pallidus projects to which set of thalamic nuclei?

A

centromedian, ventral anterior, ventral lateral nuclei

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22
Q

tritated leucine [(3H) - leucine] is injected into the medial mammillary nucleus for anterograde transport; radioactive label would be found in the…

A

anterior nucleus thalami

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23
Q

infarction of what structure could give rise to left hypestesia, left homonymous heminopia, left facial weakens, tongue deviation to the left, plater extensor to the left…

A

right internal capsule

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24
Q

A capsular stroke is most commonly caused by occlusion of which artery?

A

Lateral striate A. (branches of middle cerebral A.)

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25
Q

receives input from the ipsilateral central tegumental tract

A

VPM nucleus, receives sensory from head + oral cavity

Make up goes on the face

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26
Q

Has reciprocal connections with the inferior parietal lobule

A

pulvinar

  • largest thalamic nuclei
  • reciprocal connections with association cortex of occipital lobe, parietal, and posterior temporal lobes.
  • lesions of dominant side may result in sensory aphasia
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27
Q

receives input from contralateral lateral spinothalamic tract

A

VPL nuelus

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28
Q

projects to putamen

A

centromedin nucleus, also hs reciprocal connections with moto cortex

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29
Q

receives the dentatothalamic tract

A

ventral lateral nucleus

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30
Q

plays a role in the expression of affect, emotion, and behavior (limbic function)

[thalamic nucleus]

A

mediodorsal nucleus

  • receives input from amygdala
  • reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex
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31
Q

Occlusion of which vessel will cause numbness and weakens in the left leg and foot.

A

Anterior cerebral A.

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32
Q

A 15 year old boy is hit in the temple with a baseball. he becomes unconscious, after 10 mins he regains consciousness, but soon becomes lethargic, and over the next 2 hours, he becomes stuporous. pupils are unequal. which vessel is most likely the cause of the hemorage?

A

Middle Meningeal A.

- Epidural Hematoma (trauma + Lentiform Shaped)

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33
Q

Artery that supplies caudate, putamen, anterior limb of internal capsule via medial striate A. of Huebner

A

anterior cerebral A.

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34
Q

Artery that supplies the cochlea and vestibular apparatus?

A

Labyrinthine A (basilar A. in 15% of ppl)

35
Q

Sinus that drains the superior surface of the cerebellum

A

straight sinus

- formed by the great cerebral vein (of Galen) and inferior sagittal sinus

36
Q

aneurysm of what artery may give rise to a berry aneurysm, which compresses the third cranial nerve, with incomplete third nerve palsy.

A

posterior communicating A.

37
Q

artery that supplies the inner ear?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar A.

- 80% of ppl, gives rise to labyrinthine A. which supplies inner ear

38
Q

artery that supplies the facial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar A.

39
Q

is the trigeminal branch of the basilar A.

A

posterior cerebral A.

40
Q

artery that supplies the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

superior cerebellar A.

41
Q

artery that supplies the nucleus ambiguus

A

posterior inferior cerebellar A.

42
Q

aneurism of this artery may cause a third nerve palsy

A

posterior communicating artery

43
Q

artery that irrigates the posterior limb of the Internal capsule

A

Anterior choroidal A.

44
Q

occlusion of this artery results in a fluent receptive aphasia

A

proximal stem of left middle cerebral A.

45
Q

aneurysm of this artery may result in Horner Syndrome

-miosis (a constricted pupil), ptosis (a weak, droopy eyelid), apparent enopthalmus, plus/minus anhidrosis (decreased sweating).

A

internal carotid artery within the cavernous sinus

46
Q

Occlusion of this artery results in infarction of paracentral lobule with Babinski sign

A

anterior cerebral A.

47
Q

Trombosis may result in an abducent palsy

A

cavernous sinus

-also includes CN III, IV, VI, V-1, V-2

48
Q

drains deep cerebral veins

A

Great cerebral vein of Galen

- drains thalamus and basal ganglia

49
Q

Receives the arachnoid granulations

A

superior sagittal sinus

-receives CSF

50
Q

receives blood from the ophthalmic veins

A

inferior and superior ophthalmic veins

- drains into the cavernous sinus

51
Q

Laceration of this vessel results in subdural hemorrhage

A

superior cerebral veins

- bridging veins

52
Q

Receives blood from the straight, sagittal, and transverse sinuses

A

the confluence of the sinuses (torcular Herophili)

53
Q

Rhinorrhea (runny nose) would most likely be a result from a fracture of which bone?

A

Ethmoid

- cribriform plate could tear arachnoid membrane and result in a leakage of CSF into the nasal cavity

54
Q

Psychic blindness (inability to recognize objects visually) would most likely result from bilateral lesions of the…

A

Amygdala

55
Q

who wrote the classic paper “ Proposed Mechanism of Emotion,” which describes the major pathways of the limbic system?

A

Papez
- Hippocampal formation > mammillary body > anterior thalamic nucleus > cingulate gyrus > entorhinal cortex > Hippocampal formation.

56
Q

signs of nymphomania, the responsible lesion would most likely be in the …

A

Amygdala

- damage results in, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, docility, and psychic blindness (Kluver-Bucy syndrome).

57
Q

alcohol abuse, paralysis of conjugate gaze, nystagmus, confusion, and memory loss. these symptoms are likely due to a deficiency in…

A

lack of thiamine B1 results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

  • Wernicke: confusion, gait ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.
  • Korsakoff: profound memory impairment and confabulation.
58
Q

Bilateral ablation of what structure results in the inability to form long term memories?

A

Hippocampus

-major role in learning and memory

59
Q

Ipsilateral anosmia (loss of smell), optic atrophy, and contralateral papilledema (optic disk swelling). syndrome?

A

Foster Kennedy syndrome

60
Q

forms the medial border of the anterior perforated substance

A

diagonal band of Broca

61
Q

lies between the thalamus and the caudate nucleus

A

stria terminalis and the vena terminalis which lie in the sulcus terminalis

62
Q

projects from the epithalamus to the midbrain tegmentum

A

tractus retroflexus

63
Q

is a major efferent pathway from the amygdala

A

stria terminalis

64
Q

brief, irregular contrctions of the feet; symptoms are suspected to be the result of an untreated strep infection. what is the diagnosis?

A 
Sydenham chorea (st. Vitus dance)
- most common chorea
65
Q

Which thalamic nucleus projects to the striatum(caudate nucleus and putamen)?

A

centralmedian nucleus

66
Q

the globus pllidus projects to the thalamus via the…

A

ansa lenticularis

67
Q

the predominant neurons of the striatal system contain

A

GABA

- found in the striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra (pars reticularis).

68
Q

An ophthalmologist sees a Kayser-Fleischer ring while examining Descemet’s membrane with a slit lamp; what trace metal is found in the membrane?

A

copper

- tremor is the most common symptom and is known as the wing beating tremor.

69
Q

resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and shuffling gait…

A

Parkinson disease 1% of the population over 50 years of age.

70
Q

Results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compact of the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease

71
Q

A corneal Kayser-Fleischer ring is pathognomonic for this dyskinesia

A

Hepatolenticular degeneration

-Wilson disease, defect in metabolism of copper

72
Q

results from a lesion of the subthalamic nucleus

A

Hemiballism

-characterized by violent flinging movements of one or both extremities

73
Q

is characterized by repetative choreic movements affecting the face, limbs, and trunk, which results from treatment with antipsychotic drugs

A

Tardive dyskinesia

74
Q

can be traced to a single gene defect on chromosome 4

A

Huntington disease

75
Q

has its gene locus on chromosome 13

A

Wilson disease

76
Q

is characterized by cortical atrophy and loss of neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus

A

Huntington disease

77
Q

central nervous system lesions are characterized by necrosis and cavitation of the putamen

A

Wilson disease

78
Q

Transection of the corpus callosum results in what?

A

the inability, when blindfolded, to identify verbally an object held in the left hand (dysnomia)

79
Q

Man suddenly experiences numbness on the right side of his body. when asked to raise his left hand, he raises his right hand. the lesion is most likely in the…

A

Left parietal lobe

  • right hemiparesis points to a lesion on the left side
  • Gerstmann syndrome: Left-right confusion with finger agnosia, results from destruction of left angular gyrus.
80
Q

Neurologic examination reveals pronator drift and mild hemiparesis on the right side. The patient’s eyes and head are turned to the left side, and papilledema is visible on the left side. The lesion is most likely in which cortices?

A

Frontal area 8

81
Q

speech is limied to expletives, he cannot write but does respond to questions by shaking his head, and he has lower facial weakness on the right side. the lesion is most likely in the…

A

Left frontal lobe

-Broca speech area 44 and 45

82
Q

A lesion resulting in non fluent expressive aphasia would most likely be found in the…

A

frontal lobe

-Broca 44 and 45

83
Q

Broca aphasia is frequently associated with…

A

an UMN lesion, of the contralateral face and arm and occasionally the leg.

84
Q

Alexia without agraphia and aphasia would most likely result from occlusion of the…

A

left posterior cerebral A.

- supplies the left visual cortex and callosal fibers from the right visual association cortex.

85
Q

Agraphia and dyscalculia would most likely result from lesion in the…

A

left parietal lobe
- lesions of the angular gyrus of the dominant hemisphere my result in Gerstmann syndrome (agraphia, dyscalculia, finger agnosia, and left-right confusion).

86
Q

A patient is asked to bisect a horizontal line through the middle, to daw the face of a clock, and to copy a cross. The patient bisected the horizontal line to the left of the midline, placed all of the numerals of the clock on the right side, and did not complete the cross on the left side. the most likely lesion site for this deficit is the…

A

right parietal lobe

Neuro (4 decks)

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