bronchiectasis (see DM) Flashcards
what is bronchiectasis
irreversibly damaged bronchi; dilated and thickened; colonised with bacteria
what is the first line defence of the RT
mucociliary system
mucus components (in health)
mucins (5%), water 95%; lysosomes, sIgA, lactoferrin (mucus is not an inert substance); goblet cells produce in response to stimuli
what is the key cell in the innate immune response in the RT
neutrophils
6 causes of bronchiectasis
connective tissue diseases; respiratory infectiosn; direct damage; mucociliary disease; allergic/inflammation; immune defects
4 viral causes of bronchiectasis
measles; adenovirus; influenza; covid 19
4 bacterial causes of bronchiectasis
brodetella pertussis; staphylococcus aureus; haemophilus influenzae; klebsiella
examples of mucociliary disorders that can can result in bronchiectasis
ciliary dyskinesia; cystic fibrosis
what structure is not present in ciliary dyskinesia and why is that important
dynein - the breaking and unbreaking of dynein bonds is what allows for the movement of cilia
what structure is not present in ciliary dyskinesia and why is that important
dynein - the breaking and unbreaking of dynein bonds is what allows for the movement of cilia
what is kartagener’s syndrome
a subset of primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal recessive condition characterised by abnormal ciliary structure or function, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance
kartagener’s syndrome triad of features
bronchiectasis; sinitus; situs invertus (organs don’t lie in correct places as cilia don’t work and cilia are key in correct organ placement in foetal development
what is allergic bronchopulmonary spergillosis (ABPA)
allergic reaction causes
the immune system to overreact (IgE and IgG antibodies) to Aspergillus leading to lung inflammation;
ABPA causes bronchospasm
(tightening of airway muscles) and mucus buildup
resulting in coughing, breathing difficulty and airway obstruction
what immune defects are associated with bronchiectasis (4)
primary humoral - hypogammaglobbulinaemia (early childhood onset); common variable immunodeficiency (late chilhood.early adult onset);
secondary - lymphoid malignancy; HIV/AIDS
what abx is p.aeruginosa susceptible to
ciprofloxacin; ceftazidime
