Bronchiectasis and CF Flashcards
Define bronchiectasis
Chronic dilatation of one or more bronchi.
The bronchi exhibit poor mucus clearance and there is predisposition to recurrent or chronic bacterial infection
What are the causes of bronchiectasis?
Post infective = whooping cough, TB
Immune def = hypogammaglobulinaemia
Mucociliary clearance defects = CF, primary ciliary dyskinesia
Obstruction
Toxic insult
RA
Allergic aspergillosis
What are the symptoms of bronchiectasis?
Chronic cough
Daily sputum prod
Breathlessness of exertion
Intermittent haemoptysis
Chest pain
What organisms commonly cause bronchiectasis?
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Moraxella catarrhalis
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Fungi – Aspergillus, candida
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Less common - Staphylococcus aureus
Describe the treatment for bronchiectasis
Physio/airway clearance
Sputum sampling
Flu vaccine
Outline the pathophysiology of CF
Long arm chromosome 7 defect = CF transmembrane conductance regulator mutation = ineffective cell surface chloride transport = thick, dehydrated body fluids in organs that have CFTR
How does CF typically present?
Meconium ileus = newborns with bowel blocked by sticky secretions, signs of intestinal obstruction, like bilious vomiting and abdo distension
Intestinal malabsorption = severe def of pancreatic enzymes
Chest infections
Describe the treatment for CF
Physio
Infection management
Targeted genotype specific therapies