Bronchiectasis and CF Flashcards

1
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilatation of one or more bronchi.

The bronchi exhibit poor mucus clearance and there is predisposition to recurrent or chronic bacterial infection

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2
Q

What are the causes of bronchiectasis?

A

Post infective = whooping cough, TB

Immune def = hypogammaglobulinaemia

Mucociliary clearance defects = CF, primary ciliary dyskinesia

Obstruction
Toxic insult
RA
Allergic aspergillosis

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiectasis?

A

Chronic cough

Daily sputum prod

Breathlessness of exertion

Intermittent haemoptysis

Chest pain

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4
Q

What organisms commonly cause bronchiectasis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Moraxella catarrhalis

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Fungi – Aspergillus, candida

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)

Less common - Staphylococcus aureus

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5
Q

Describe the treatment for bronchiectasis

A

Physio/airway clearance

Sputum sampling

Flu vaccine

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6
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of CF

A

Long arm chromosome 7 defect = CF transmembrane conductance regulator mutation = ineffective cell surface chloride transport = thick, dehydrated body fluids in organs that have CFTR

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7
Q

How does CF typically present?

A

Meconium ileus = newborns with bowel blocked by sticky secretions, signs of intestinal obstruction, like bilious vomiting and abdo distension

Intestinal malabsorption = severe def of pancreatic enzymes

Chest infections

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8
Q

Describe the treatment for CF

A

Physio

Infection management

Targeted genotype specific therapies

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