bronchial asthma

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

chronic aseptic relapsing diffuse inflammatory of small airways characterized by reversible air flow limitation and bronchial obstruction due to hyperresponsiveness of tracheobronchial tree to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli.

Question 2

epidemiology

Answer 2

• affect 10-15% of population
• in adult 2-5% both sex
• in children 5-10% with ratio male to female 1:2
• occurs before age 10 and 1/3 of cases before age 40

Question 3

etiology and predisposing factors

Answer 3

1. Allergens
   - Home (all kinds of cosmetics, perfume)
   - Epidermal (cats, dogs, birds)
   - Insects
   - Fungal
   - Microbes and virus
   - Food (orange, chicken eggs, seafood)
   - Drugs (beta antagonist, ACEI‘s, grps of prozevin)
2. Pharmacological stimuli
3. Environmental and air pollution
4. Occupational factors
5. Infections
6. Exercise
7. Emotional stress

Predisposing:
- Genetic factors
- allergic factors eg vasomotor rhinitis, Quincke‘s edema, migraine, increase IgE
- Increase level of eosinophils

Question 4

classification

Answer 4

1. according origin
   - extrinsic
   - intrinsic
2. according to phase
   - exacerbation
   - aggravating
   - remission
3. according forms:
   - immunological
   - non immunological
4. International
   a. Primary allergic asthma
   - allergic bronchus asthma
   - allergic rhinitis
   - atopic asthma
   - exogenous allergic asthma
   - pallen dependent variant
   b. non-allergic asthma
   - latrogenic asthma
   - endogenic- hormonal dependent
   - mixed
   - asthma of unknown cause
   - status asthmaticus
5. according severity
   - mild
   - moderate
   - severe