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Fall '14-218 (Exam 1) > Brodmann's areas, dysarthria, apraxia, etiologies of non MSD, Medical Abbreviations > Flashcards

Brodmann's areas, dysarthria, apraxia, etiologies of non MSD, Medical Abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

What are Brodmann’s areas 1,2,& 3 known as?

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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2
Q

What are Area’s 1,2,&3 responsible for?

A

somesthetic sensations (pain, temperature, touch) sent to sensory cortex from contralateral side of body

involved with language

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3
Q

What do lesions to areas 1, 2, & 3 cause?

A

partial sensory loss (parasthesia)

complete sensory loss (anesthesia)

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4
Q

What are Brodmann’s areas 4 & 6 known as?

A

Primary Motor cortex

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5
Q

What is Area #4 known as, and what is it responsible for?

A

Motor strip

contralateral motor control of limbs

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6
Q

What is area #6 known as, and what is it responsible for?

A

supplementary motor area

premotor area-supplement to primary motor project cortex and related to extrapyramidal system

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7
Q

What do lesions to areas 4 & 6 cause?

A

spasticity in limbs

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8
Q

What are areas 5 & 7 related to?

A

related to somesthetic sensation

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9
Q

What is area 8 known as and responsible for?

A
  • frontal eye fields

- initiating rapid eye movements, directing attention

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10
Q

What are areas 9,10,11,46 & 47 known as, and what are they involved with?

A
  • frontal association areas

- involved with executive functioning (e.g., planning, analysis, feedback, self-regulation, etc.)

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11
Q

What is area 17 known as?

A

primary visual receptor cortex

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12
Q

Where is area 17 located and where does it receive fibers from?

A

located in occipital lobe, along calcarine fissure

receives fibers from optic tract

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13
Q

What do lesions to area 17 cause?

A

cause some degree of blindness

partial blindness is considered a visual field defect

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14
Q

What are areas 18 & 19?

A

Visual Association areas

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15
Q

What is area 22?

A

Wernicke’s area

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16
Q

What may a lesion at area 22 cause?

A

may cause wernicke’s aphasia (fluent aphasia)

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17
Q

What is area 28 known as?

A

primary olfactory receptor cortex

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18
Q

What does a lesion to area 28 cause?

A

destruction of olfactory system–lack of smell (anosmia)

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19
Q

What is area 39 known as?

A

angular gyrus

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20
Q

what does a lesion to area 39 (angular gyrus) cause?

A
  • (left) anomia, reading and writing deficits
  • left-right disorientation
  • finger agnosia
  • acalculia
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21
Q

What is area 40?

A

supramarginal gyrus

22
Q

What are areas 41 & 42?

A

Auditory Receptor Cortex

Found in each temporal lobe

23
Q

What is area 44?

A

Broca’s Area

24
Q

Where is area 44 found?

A

frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, located in the inferior frontal gyrus

25
Q

What does area 44 (broca’s) control?

A

fluent, well-articulated speech.

this is the dominant hemisphere for most persons (controls language function)

motor speech plans for oral expression

26
Q

What is the definition of apraxia?

A

a neurologic speech disorder that reflects an impaired capacity to plan or program sensorimotor commands necessary for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech.

27
Q

What is the definition of dysarthria?

A

a collective name for a group of neurologic speech disorders that reflect abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness tone, or accuracy of movements required for the breathing, phonatory, resonator, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production.

28
Q

What are etiologies of speech disturbances not classified as motor speech disorders?

A

other neurologic speech disorders

non-neurologic speech disturbances

normal variations in speech productions

29
Q

What are some examples of “other neurologic speech disorders”?

A

acquired neurogenic stutter

palilalia

echolalia

some forms of mutism

foreign accent syndrome

aprosodia

aphasia

akinetic mutism

other..

Sensory deficits: congenital deafness, hearing loss

30
Q

What are examples of non neurologic speech disturbances?

A
  • musculoskeletal defects (laryngectomy, cleft lip and palate, fractures, abnormal variants of cavity size and shape)
  • non neurologic or nonpsychogenic voice disorders (dysphonias associated with head or neck neoplasms, vocal abuse, hormonal disturbances)
  • psychogenic and related nonorganic speech disorders (schizophrenia, depression, conversion disorder)
31
Q

What are examples of normal variations in speech productions?

A
  • age related changes in speech (pitch, voice quality and stability, loudness, speech breathing patterns, rate, fluency, and prosodic variations)
  • gender
  • variations in style: personality, emotional state, and speaking role
32
Q

Medical Abbreviation: WN

A

well nourished

33
Q

Medical Abbreviation:MI

A

myocardial infarction/heart attack

34
Q

Medical Abbreviation: PMH

A

prior medical history

35
Q

Medical Abbreviation: CHF

A

congestive heart failure

36
Q

Medical Abbreviation: COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

37
Q

Medical Abbreviation: CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident/stroke

38
Q

Medical Abbreviation: hx

A

history

39
Q

Medical Abbreviation: ETOH

A

ethanol/alcohol

40
Q

Medical Abbreviation: PCP

A

primary care physician

41
Q

Medical Abbreviation:SO

A

significant other

42
Q

Medical Abbreviation:pt

A

patient

43
Q

Medical Abbreviation: NPO

A

nothing per oral

44
Q

Medical Abbreviation: S/S

A

signs and symptoms

45
Q

Medical Abbreviation:PMH

A

prior medical history

46
Q

Medical Abbreviation: S/P

A

status post

47
Q

Medical Abbreviation: CHI

A

Closed head injury

48
Q

Medical Abbreviation: SCI

A

spinal cord injury

49
Q

Medical Abbreviation: C/O

A

complains of

50
Q

Medical Abbreviation:MRSA

A

metriicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (staph infection that is highly resistant to antibiotics)

Fall '14-218 (Exam 1) (5 decks)

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