British Depth Study

Question 1

Family Allowances Act

Answer 1

1945
An allowance of 5 shillings per week per child given to all families once they had a second child. In part to encourage women to stay at home

Question 2

National Insurance Act

Answer 2

1946
Benefits for any worker who was unemployed, injured, or sick

Question 3

NHS Act

Answer 3

1946
Free health care for all (implemented 1948)

Question 4

Children Act

Answer 4

1948
Local authorities forced to set up services to protect children

Question 5

Housing Act

Answer 5

1949
Massive programme of building new housing to the latest specifications, an effort to replace what was destroyed in the Blitz

Question 6

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1)

Answer 6

1962
Introduced a voucher system to restrict immigration to those with a valuable skill or who could do a job where there was a shortage of workers

Question 7

Race Relations Act (1)

Answer 7

1965
Made it illegal to discriminate against any person because of colour or race, led to the creating of the Race Relations Board in 1966 to handle complaints

Question 8

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (2)

Answer 8

1968
Reduced the number of work vouchers available and introduced a close connection qualification that meant it was no longer good enough to have a British passport – you also had to be born in Britain or have parents or grandparents who were born in Britain

Question 9

Race Relations Act (2)

Answer 9

1968
Made discrimination in areas such as housing and employment illegal

Question 10

Race Relations Act (3)

Answer 10

1976
Made racially offensive music or publications illegal. It also set up tribunals so that any job applicant who felt he or she was being discriminated against could report the employer. Also set up Commission for Racial Equality

Question 11

Abortion Act

Answer 11

1967
Made abortion legal in the UK with a recommendation from two doctors

Question 12

Divorce Reform Act

Answer 12

1969
Allowed couples to divorce on the grounds of adultery, cruelty, desertion for at least two years, by mutual consent after two years, or after five years if only one person wanted a divorce

Question 13

Equal Pay Act

Answer 13

1975
Made it illegal to discriminate in terms and conditions of employment between men and women (equal pay for equal work)

Question 14

Sex Discrimination Act

Answer 14

1975
Made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of gender in employment, training, education, harassment and provision of goods and serviced. One effect of this was to remove the “marriage bar”

Question 15

The “marriage bar”

Answer 15

Expecting married women to quit their jobs

Question 16

Education Act

Answer 16

1944
Ensured secondary education was free to all pupils up to the age of 14, set up the tripartite system of Grammar Schools, Technical School, and Secondary Modern Schools

Question 17

General Election

Answer 17

1964
The new labour government instructed all local authorities to prepare plans to create new comprehensive schools, ending the tripartite system

Question 18

Impact of The Blitz

Answer 18

Ended in 1941
40 000 British people killed
1.4 million people lost their homes

Question 19

Part-time schools

Answer 19

At the start of 1940, a third of city children were getting no education at all, and 30% of children were only going to school for half the day

Question 20

The Beveridge Report

Answer 20

Written in 1942 by Sir Wiliiam Beveridge, a civil servant
He carried out a survey on how existing ways of looking after people could be improved
He identified Five Giants on the Road to Recovery and proposed to defeat them

Question 21

What were the ‘Five Giants on the Road to Recovery’?

Answer 21

Want
Disease
Ignorance
Squalor
Idleness

Question 22

How did Beveridge propose to defeat the ‘Giants’?

Answer 22

Full employment
A comprehensive welfare system

Question 23

Reactions to the Beveridge Report

Answer 23

Huge level of public support
Churchill wanted to wait until the end of the war
However the public wanted action to be taken straight away, and so elected the Labour Party

Question 24

The NHS

Answer 24

Everyone had access to the same level of healthcare, paid for by everyone out of taxation

Question 25

Healthcare before the war

Answer 25

Workers had free access to a doctor, but their families didn't Sometimes families paid small amounts into a local health insurance scheme Doctors usually charged more for rich patients and less for poorer patients

Question 26

Healthcare after 1948

Answer 26

Hospitals came under state control so they could treat everyone equally - free of charge The state paid doctors to treat everyone free of charge The state also paid hospital consultants

Question 27

What was it like growing up in the 1950s?

Answer 27

Early in the 1950s teenagers acted like their parents However as teens got money of their own and more free time they started to create a separate identity

Question 28

Why were there changes in the lives of teenagers in the 1960s?

Answer 28

Science and technology Economic factors Political factors Cultural factors

Question 29

What did teenagers rebel about in the 1960s and 1970s?

Answer 29

The 1950s The war generation Boredom Political manipulation Social changes

Question 30

What did the government expect women to do during WW2?

Answer 30

Serve in the armed forces Serve as spies Work on the land Work in the industry

Question 31

What was the impact of the war on women's work in the 1950s?

Answer 31

Government training courses More women workers joined trade unions Married women workers ban was lifted Medical schools Day nurseries set up

Question 32

Immigration to Britain 1939-1975

Answer 32

People came to Britain in three main phases: Phase 1 - Took place because of WW2 Phase 2 - Just after the war, when Britain needed workers Phase 3 - late 1960s and 1970s

Question 33

Phase 1 immigration

Answer 33

Former POWs People who fled persecution in wartime Europe Irish people, who formed the largest immigrant group in the UK

Question 34

Phase 2 immigration

Answer 34

The Irish were still the biggest group of immigrants Around 250 000 Caribbean people came to Britain between 1955 and 1962 They were also joined by smaller numbers from Asia and Africa

Question 35

Phase 3 immigration

Answer 35

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1) Asian immigration increased: Kenyan Asians in 1967 Ugandan Asians in 1972

Question 36

What were the experiences of immigrants to Britain?

Answer 36

Housing Jobs Leisure