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GCSE History > British Depth Study > Flashcards

British Depth Study Flashcards

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1
Q

Family Allowances Act

A

1945
An allowance of 5 shillings per week per child given to all families once they had a second child. In part to encourage women to stay at home

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2
Q

National Insurance Act

A

1946
Benefits for any worker who was unemployed, injured, or sick

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3
Q

NHS Act

A

1946
Free health care for all (implemented 1948)

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4
Q

Children Act

A

1948
Local authorities forced to set up services to protect children

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5
Q

Housing Act

A

1949
Massive programme of building new housing to the latest specifications, an effort to replace what was destroyed in the Blitz

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6
Q

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1)

A

1962
Introduced a voucher system to restrict immigration to those with a valuable skill or who could do a job where there was a shortage of workers

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7
Q

Race Relations Act (1)

A

1965
Made it illegal to discriminate against any person because of colour or race, led to the creating of the Race Relations Board in 1966 to handle complaints

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8
Q

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (2)

A

1968
Reduced the number of work vouchers available and introduced a close connection qualification that meant it was no longer good enough to have a British passport – you also had to be born in Britain or have parents or grandparents who were born in Britain

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9
Q

Race Relations Act (2)

A

1968
Made discrimination in areas such as housing and employment illegal

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10
Q

Race Relations Act (3)

A

1976
Made racially offensive music or publications illegal. It also set up tribunals so that any job applicant who felt he or she was being discriminated against could report the employer. Also set up Commission for Racial Equality

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11
Q

Abortion Act

A

1967
Made abortion legal in the UK with a recommendation from two doctors

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12
Q

Divorce Reform Act

A

1969
Allowed couples to divorce on the grounds of adultery, cruelty, desertion for at least two years, by mutual consent after two years, or after five years if only one person wanted a divorce

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13
Q

Equal Pay Act

A

1975
Made it illegal to discriminate in terms and conditions of employment between men and women (equal pay for equal work)

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14
Q

Sex Discrimination Act

A

1975
Made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of gender in employment, training, education, harassment and provision of goods and serviced. One effect of this was to remove the “marriage bar”

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15
Q

The “marriage bar”

A

Expecting married women to quit their jobs

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16
Q

Education Act

A

1944
Ensured secondary education was free to all pupils up to the age of 14, set up the tripartite system of Grammar Schools, Technical School, and Secondary Modern Schools

17
Q

General Election

A

1964
The new labour government instructed all local authorities to prepare plans to create new comprehensive schools, ending the tripartite system

18
Q

Impact of The Blitz

A

Ended in 1941
40 000 British people killed
1.4 million people lost their homes

19
Q

Part-time schools

A

At the start of 1940, a third of city children were getting no education at all, and 30% of children were only going to school for half the day

20
Q

The Beveridge Report

A

Written in 1942 by Sir Wiliiam Beveridge, a civil servant
He carried out a survey on how existing ways of looking after people could be improved
He identified Five Giants on the Road to Recovery and proposed to defeat them

21
Q

What were the ‘Five Giants on the Road to Recovery’?

A

Want
Disease
Ignorance
Squalor
Idleness

22
Q

How did Beveridge propose to defeat the ‘Giants’?

A

Full employment
A comprehensive welfare system

23
Q

Reactions to the Beveridge Report

A

Huge level of public support
Churchill wanted to wait until the end of the war
However the public wanted action to be taken straight away, and so elected the Labour Party

24
Q

The NHS

A

Everyone had access to the same level of healthcare, paid for by everyone out of taxation

25
Q

Healthcare before the war

A

Workers had free access to a doctor, but their families didn’t
Sometimes families paid small amounts into a local health insurance scheme
Doctors usually charged more for rich patients and less for poorer patients

26
Q

Healthcare after 1948

A

Hospitals came under state control so they could treat everyone equally - free of charge
The state paid doctors to treat everyone free of charge
The state also paid hospital consultants

27
Q

What was it like growing up in the 1950s?

A

Early in the 1950s teenagers acted like their parents
However as teens got money of their own and more free time they started to create a separate identity

28
Q

Why were there changes in the lives of teenagers in the 1960s?

A

Science and technology
Economic factors
Political factors
Cultural factors

29
Q

What did teenagers rebel about in the 1960s and 1970s?

A

The 1950s
The war generation
Boredom
Political manipulation
Social changes

30
Q

What did the government expect women to do during WW2?

A

Serve in the armed forces
Serve as spies
Work on the land
Work in the industry

31
Q

What was the impact of the war on women’s work in the 1950s?

A

Government training courses
More women workers joined trade unions
Married women workers ban was lifted
Medical schools
Day nurseries set up

32
Q

Immigration to Britain 1939-1975

A

People came to Britain in three main phases:
Phase 1 - Took place because of WW2
Phase 2 - Just after the war, when Britain needed workers
Phase 3 - late 1960s and 1970s

33
Q

Phase 1 immigration

A

Former POWs
People who fled persecution in wartime Europe
Irish people, who formed the largest immigrant group in the UK

34
Q

Phase 2 immigration

A

The Irish were still the biggest group of immigrants
Around 250 000 Caribbean people came to Britain between 1955 and 1962
They were also joined by smaller numbers from Asia and Africa

35
Q

Phase 3 immigration

A

Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1)
Asian immigration increased:
Kenyan Asians in 1967
Ugandan Asians in 1972

36
Q

What were the experiences of immigrants to Britain?

A

Housing
Jobs
Leisure

GCSE History (5 decks)

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