Bristol Flashcards
1
Q
What makes Bristol a major UK city?
A
It is the largest city in the SW of England.
2
Q
What is the population if Bristol?
A
465900
3
Q
What is the population expected to reach by 2029?
A
Half a million
4
Q
Bristol is one of the UK’s …
A
ten core cities
5
Q
How did Bristol develop?
A
- It developed in the 18th century as part of the triangular trade linking West Africa and West Indies.
- the slave trade is a significant part of Bristol’s history as money raised led to the development of the city
- Bristol has tried to break with the past.
6
Q
What is the importance of Bristol?- Education
A
It has two universities.
7
Q
What is the importance of Bristol - religion?
A
-there are mosques and synagogues; Christianity is represented by two cathedrals - Bristol (Anglican) and Clifton (Roman Catholic).
8
Q
What is the importance of Bristol- Industry?
A
- has the largest concentration of silicon chip manufacture outside California
9
Q
What is the importance of Bristol- tourism?
A
- The UK’s eighth most popular city for foreign visitors. Attractions include Brunel’s ship SS Great Britain and Bristol Zoo.
10
Q
What is the importance of Bristol- culture and entertainment?
A
- several theatres and music venues, including the famous Bristol Old Vic Theatre
- home to Aardman, the animators who created Wallace and Gromit.
11
Q
What does Bristol have now (important)?
A
- It has two major docks, Avonmouth and Royal Portbury
- It has the UK’s most centrally-located deep-sea container port.
12
Q
How many cars are imported each year and from where?
A
Around 700000 cars are imported each year from Japan, Germany and Korea.
13
Q
Why is Bristol an important international city?
A
- good roads and rail links, and easy access to London and rail and ferry services to Europe
- Bristol airport links the city to major European centres and the USA
- There has been a change from dependence on traditional industry like tobacco and paper, to the development of global industries such as financial and business services, defence, aerospace, technology, culture and media
- There has been a high level of inward investment, including FDI, in manufacturing (companies like Airbus, BMW and Siemens), finance and high-tech businesses
- Bristol University attracts students from all over the world, producing graduates who often go into professional, managerial and knowledge-based jobs.
14
Q
How has migration impacted Bristol?
A
- Between 1851 and 1891, Bristol’s population doubled as people arrived looking for work
- in recent years, migration from abroad has accounted for about half of Bristol’s population growth.
- compared to elsewhere in the UK, a higher proportion of migrants coming to Bristol intend to stay there permanently
15
Q
What sectors are migrant workers employed in?
A
A wide range of sectors including:
- hospitality
- retail
- manufacturing
- health
- construction
- transport
16
Q
What impact have migrants had in Bristol?- opportunities
A
- part of a hard-working and motivated workforce
- improving the level of skills
- contributing to both the local and national economy
- the mainly young migrants help to balance the ageing population
17
Q
What impacts have migrants had in Bristol- challenges?
A
- pressures on housing and employment
- challenge of integration into the wider community
- the need to provide education for children whose first language is not english
- Housing provision has not kept up with population growth- so Bristol is very expensive for housing rental or purchase
18
Q
Impacts of migrants in the character of the city
A
- migrants contribute to the cultural life of the city
- 50 countries are represented in Bristol’s population
- Bristol’s large African and Afro-Caribbean population has created a strong community spirit amongst many
- The St Paul’s Carnival attracts around 40000 people each year with an aim to help improve relations between the European, African, Caribbean and Asian communities
- Migrants from other parts of the UK are relatively small
19
Q
Where has migration mainly happened?
A
It has mainly been to and from surrounding rural areas, and London, Cardiff, Wiltshire and Cornwall.
20
Q
What is the most significant age group for migration to Bristol?
A
18-29, reflecting the 17% increase in the number of students.
21
Q
In 1900, what were Bristol’s main economic activities?
A
International trade and manufacturing
22
Q
Which two countries provide the most migrants to Bristol?
A
Poland and Germany
23
Q
How is Bristol changing?
A
- population rapidly increasing
- population more ethnically diverse
- It has good transport links: good for business and commuters
- over 2 million people live within 50 km of the city
- the electrification of the rail line to London will reduce the journey time to just 70 minutes.
24
Q
Social (cultural) opportunities in Bristol- entertainment
A
ENTERTAINMENT
- there are nightclubs, bars and a vibrant underground music scene
- Colston Hall is a venue for concerts and entertainment
- theatres include the Bristol Old Vic.
- migrants contribute to music, art, literature and food
25
Social (cultural) opportunities- SPORT
Sports teams are developing their stadia to provide a range of leisure and conference facilities. This often involves new stadia on the outskirts of the city.
26
Social (cultural) opportunities- shopping
- major changes
- the retail park at Cribbs Causeway affected the outdated Broadmead shopping development in the city centre.
- As a result, Cabot Circus was developed.
27
Cabot circus
- opened in 2008 at a cost of £500 million
- Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of the floor space
- there are also offices, a cinema, a hotel and 250 apartments
27
Cabot circus
- opened in 2008 at a cost of £500 million
- Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of the floor space
- there are also offices, a cinema, a hotel and 250 apartments
28
Bristol's Harbourside
- part of a project to regenerate the central part of the city
- conversion of workshops and warehouses into bars, nightclubs and cultural venues
- includes an art gallery, museum and At-Bristol science centre
- the Harbourside Festival attracts around 300000 spectators
29
Why were improved shopping facilities needed?
- reduce crime
- compete with other cities
- improve the environment
- attract employment
30
What did developments to encourage people to come back shopping in the CBD?
- pedestrianising the area and installing CCTV to improve safety
- providing a more attractive shopping environment with new street furtniture, floral displays and landscaping
- the development of open street markets
- improving public transport into the centre eg: park and ride
- promoting tourism to encourage greater spending, by making the nearby Old Market area of the city into a conservation area.
31
What were Bristol's traditional industries based on?
Its function as a port.
32
What did the closure of the city centre port leave?
Empty warehouses
33
What has happened to the empty warehouses?
Some have been turned into flats and some have been re-used for new industry.
34
What sectors have major developments happened n?
Tertiary (services) and quaternary (high-tech) sectors
35
How has development in Bristol been beneficial?
It creates employment.
36
What was Bristol's unemploymwnt rate in 2015?
It was below the UK average
37
What did the closure of Bristol's port mean?
Its industry changed
38
Why were high-tech businesses attracted to Bristol?
- a government grant of £100 million to become a Super-Connected City with high-speed broadband
- a university-educated and skilled workforce
- advanced research at the university and in local IT and aerospace industries
- close links between the city council and the university
39
What percent of jobs in Bristol are in the finance sector?
30%
40
Industries in Bristol
- There are 50 micro-electric and silicon design businesses in the Bristol area- the largest concentration outside California's silicon valley
- Defence Procurement Agency (DPA)
- The aerospace industry
- Aardman Animations
41
Defence Procurement Agency (DPA)
- Employs over 10000 people
- supplies the army, air force and navy with everything from boots to aircraft carriers
- established on a greenfield site
- created a demand for housing due to increased employment which contributed to the city's urban sprawl. (Bradley Stoke)
42
The aerospace industry
- 14/15 main global aircraft companies are found in the Bristol region, including Rolls-Royce, Airbus and GKN Aerospace
- supply chains have grown up in the region to supply these high-tech companies
- Filton Enterprise Area development. Produces parts for aircraft, as well as electronic systems eg: those for communication and navigation. These is a 100 year tradition for the aircraft industry in Bristol and this is supported by world-class aerospace courses at local universities.
43
Aardman animations
- became well-known for using stop-motion clay animation techniques
- entered the computer animation market
- won an oscar and many other awards
44
Why is Bristol important in terms of environment?
- In 2015, Bristol became the first UK city to be awarded the status of European Green Capital
- It also plans to increase the number of jobs in low-carbon industries from 9000 to 17000 by 2030.
45
What is Bristol doing to improve the environment?
- improving energy efficiency- reduce energy use by 30% and carbon dioxide emissions by 40% by 2020
- increase the use of renewable energy from 2% (2012)
- reduce water pollution by improved monitoring and maintenance
- establish an Air Quality Management plan to monitor air pollution
- increase the use of brownfield sites for new businesses and housing
46
How has urban change created opportunities?
- An integrated transport system (ITS) for Bristol:
- an ITS connects different methods of transport
- it encourages people to switch to using public transport
- The Rapid Transit Network- three bus routes linking the railway station to Park and Ride sites
- Electrification of the railway line to London- greener and more reliable journeys
- aims to double the number of cyclists by 2020
- Urban greening:
It is the process of increasing and preserving open space in urban areas
- more than a third of Bristol is open space
- there are eight nature reserves and 300 parks in the city
- Queen Square was once a dual carriageway, but is now an open space with cycle routes
47
What changes in Bristol have lead to environmental challenges?
- change: movement of the port dowstream from the city, environmental challenge- many industrial buildings are now derelict
- Bristol's population is growing rapidly- demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl on the rural- urban fringe and building on brownfield and greenfield sites.
48
What are problems in Stokes Croft?
- it is an inner-city area with housing once built for industrial workers
- housing became derelict
- there were problems with squatters, riots and antisocial behaviour
49
What is being done to improve Stokes Croft?
- Bristol City Council obtained lottery grants to help improve the area
- activists and artists want to revitalise the area through community action and public art, including graffiti art.
50
How has urban growth led to urban sprawl in Bristol?
- Bristol needs new housing because of:
. a rapidly growing population
.demolition of older slum dwellings
- Urban sprawl has extended, particularly to the NW of the city
- the new town of Bradley Stoke has extended the city to the north
51
What is being done to reduce urban sprawl?
- Bristol is developing brownfield sites such as harbourside
| - between 2006 and 2013, only 6% of new housing developments were on greenfield land
