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Geography > Bristol > Flashcards

Bristol Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes Bristol a major UK city?

A

It is the largest city in the SW of England.

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2
Q

What is the population if Bristol?

A

465900

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3
Q

What is the population expected to reach by 2029?

A

Half a million

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4
Q

Bristol is one of the UK’s …

A

ten core cities

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5
Q

How did Bristol develop?

A
  • It developed in the 18th century as part of the triangular trade linking West Africa and West Indies.
  • the slave trade is a significant part of Bristol’s history as money raised led to the development of the city
  • Bristol has tried to break with the past.
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6
Q

What is the importance of Bristol?- Education

A

It has two universities.

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7
Q

What is the importance of Bristol - religion?

A

-there are mosques and synagogues; Christianity is represented by two cathedrals - Bristol (Anglican) and Clifton (Roman Catholic).

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8
Q

What is the importance of Bristol- Industry?

A
  • has the largest concentration of silicon chip manufacture outside California
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9
Q

What is the importance of Bristol- tourism?

A
  • The UK’s eighth most popular city for foreign visitors. Attractions include Brunel’s ship SS Great Britain and Bristol Zoo.
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10
Q

What is the importance of Bristol- culture and entertainment?

A
  • several theatres and music venues, including the famous Bristol Old Vic Theatre
  • home to Aardman, the animators who created Wallace and Gromit.
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11
Q

What does Bristol have now (important)?

A
  • It has two major docks, Avonmouth and Royal Portbury

- It has the UK’s most centrally-located deep-sea container port.

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12
Q

How many cars are imported each year and from where?

A

Around 700000 cars are imported each year from Japan, Germany and Korea.

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13
Q

Why is Bristol an important international city?

A
  • good roads and rail links, and easy access to London and rail and ferry services to Europe
  • Bristol airport links the city to major European centres and the USA
  • There has been a change from dependence on traditional industry like tobacco and paper, to the development of global industries such as financial and business services, defence, aerospace, technology, culture and media
  • There has been a high level of inward investment, including FDI, in manufacturing (companies like Airbus, BMW and Siemens), finance and high-tech businesses
  • Bristol University attracts students from all over the world, producing graduates who often go into professional, managerial and knowledge-based jobs.
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14
Q

How has migration impacted Bristol?

A
  • Between 1851 and 1891, Bristol’s population doubled as people arrived looking for work
  • in recent years, migration from abroad has accounted for about half of Bristol’s population growth.
  • compared to elsewhere in the UK, a higher proportion of migrants coming to Bristol intend to stay there permanently
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15
Q

What sectors are migrant workers employed in?

A

A wide range of sectors including:

  • hospitality
  • retail
  • manufacturing
  • health
  • construction
  • transport
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16
Q

What impact have migrants had in Bristol?- opportunities

A
  • part of a hard-working and motivated workforce
  • improving the level of skills
  • contributing to both the local and national economy
  • the mainly young migrants help to balance the ageing population
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17
Q

What impacts have migrants had in Bristol- challenges?

A
  • pressures on housing and employment
  • challenge of integration into the wider community
  • the need to provide education for children whose first language is not english
  • Housing provision has not kept up with population growth- so Bristol is very expensive for housing rental or purchase
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18
Q

Impacts of migrants in the character of the city

A
  • migrants contribute to the cultural life of the city
  • 50 countries are represented in Bristol’s population
  • Bristol’s large African and Afro-Caribbean population has created a strong community spirit amongst many
  • The St Paul’s Carnival attracts around 40000 people each year with an aim to help improve relations between the European, African, Caribbean and Asian communities
  • Migrants from other parts of the UK are relatively small
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19
Q

Where has migration mainly happened?

A

It has mainly been to and from surrounding rural areas, and London, Cardiff, Wiltshire and Cornwall.

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20
Q

What is the most significant age group for migration to Bristol?

A

18-29, reflecting the 17% increase in the number of students.

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21
Q

In 1900, what were Bristol’s main economic activities?

A

International trade and manufacturing

22
Q

Which two countries provide the most migrants to Bristol?

A

Poland and Germany

23
Q

How is Bristol changing?

A
  • population rapidly increasing
  • population more ethnically diverse
  • It has good transport links: good for business and commuters
  • over 2 million people live within 50 km of the city
  • the electrification of the rail line to London will reduce the journey time to just 70 minutes.
24
Q

Social (cultural) opportunities in Bristol- entertainment

A

ENTERTAINMENT

  • there are nightclubs, bars and a vibrant underground music scene
  • Colston Hall is a venue for concerts and entertainment
  • theatres include the Bristol Old Vic.
  • migrants contribute to music, art, literature and food
25
Q

Social (cultural) opportunities- SPORT

A

Sports teams are developing their stadia to provide a range of leisure and conference facilities. This often involves new stadia on the outskirts of the city.

26
Q

Social (cultural) opportunities- shopping

A
  • major changes
  • the retail park at Cribbs Causeway affected the outdated Broadmead shopping development in the city centre.
  • As a result, Cabot Circus was developed.
27
Q

Cabot circus

A
  • opened in 2008 at a cost of £500 million
  • Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of the floor space
  • there are also offices, a cinema, a hotel and 250 apartments
27
Q

Cabot circus

A
  • opened in 2008 at a cost of £500 million
  • Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of the floor space
  • there are also offices, a cinema, a hotel and 250 apartments
28
Q

Bristol’s Harbourside

A
  • part of a project to regenerate the central part of the city
  • conversion of workshops and warehouses into bars, nightclubs and cultural venues
  • includes an art gallery, museum and At-Bristol science centre
  • the Harbourside Festival attracts around 300000 spectators
29
Q

Why were improved shopping facilities needed?

A
  • reduce crime
  • compete with other cities
  • improve the environment
  • attract employment
30
Q

What did developments to encourage people to come back shopping in the CBD?

A
  • pedestrianising the area and installing CCTV to improve safety
  • providing a more attractive shopping environment with new street furtniture, floral displays and landscaping
  • the development of open street markets
  • improving public transport into the centre eg: park and ride
  • promoting tourism to encourage greater spending, by making the nearby Old Market area of the city into a conservation area.
31
Q

What were Bristol’s traditional industries based on?

A

Its function as a port.

32
Q

What did the closure of the city centre port leave?

A

Empty warehouses

33
Q

What has happened to the empty warehouses?

A

Some have been turned into flats and some have been re-used for new industry.

34
Q

What sectors have major developments happened n?

A

Tertiary (services) and quaternary (high-tech) sectors

35
Q

How has development in Bristol been beneficial?

A

It creates employment.

36
Q

What was Bristol’s unemploymwnt rate in 2015?

A

It was below the UK average

37
Q

What did the closure of Bristol’s port mean?

A

Its industry changed

38
Q

Why were high-tech businesses attracted to Bristol?

A
  • a government grant of £100 million to become a Super-Connected City with high-speed broadband
  • a university-educated and skilled workforce
  • advanced research at the university and in local IT and aerospace industries
  • close links between the city council and the university
39
Q

What percent of jobs in Bristol are in the finance sector?

A

30%

40
Q

Industries in Bristol

A
  • There are 50 micro-electric and silicon design businesses in the Bristol area- the largest concentration outside California’s silicon valley
  • Defence Procurement Agency (DPA)
  • The aerospace industry
  • Aardman Animations
41
Q

Defence Procurement Agency (DPA)

A
  • Employs over 10000 people
  • supplies the army, air force and navy with everything from boots to aircraft carriers
  • established on a greenfield site
  • created a demand for housing due to increased employment which contributed to the city’s urban sprawl. (Bradley Stoke)
42
Q

The aerospace industry

A
  • 14/15 main global aircraft companies are found in the Bristol region, including Rolls-Royce, Airbus and GKN Aerospace
  • supply chains have grown up in the region to supply these high-tech companies
  • Filton Enterprise Area development. Produces parts for aircraft, as well as electronic systems eg: those for communication and navigation. These is a 100 year tradition for the aircraft industry in Bristol and this is supported by world-class aerospace courses at local universities.
43
Q

Aardman animations

A
  • became well-known for using stop-motion clay animation techniques
  • entered the computer animation market
  • won an oscar and many other awards
44
Q

Why is Bristol important in terms of environment?

A
  • In 2015, Bristol became the first UK city to be awarded the status of European Green Capital
  • It also plans to increase the number of jobs in low-carbon industries from 9000 to 17000 by 2030.
45
Q

What is Bristol doing to improve the environment?

A
  • improving energy efficiency- reduce energy use by 30% and carbon dioxide emissions by 40% by 2020
  • increase the use of renewable energy from 2% (2012)
  • reduce water pollution by improved monitoring and maintenance
  • establish an Air Quality Management plan to monitor air pollution
  • increase the use of brownfield sites for new businesses and housing
46
Q

How has urban change created opportunities?

A
  • An integrated transport system (ITS) for Bristol:
  • an ITS connects different methods of transport
  • it encourages people to switch to using public transport
  • The Rapid Transit Network- three bus routes linking the railway station to Park and Ride sites
  • Electrification of the railway line to London- greener and more reliable journeys
  • aims to double the number of cyclists by 2020
  • Urban greening:
    It is the process of increasing and preserving open space in urban areas
  • more than a third of Bristol is open space
  • there are eight nature reserves and 300 parks in the city
  • Queen Square was once a dual carriageway, but is now an open space with cycle routes
47
Q

What changes in Bristol have lead to environmental challenges?

A
  • change: movement of the port dowstream from the city, environmental challenge- many industrial buildings are now derelict
  • Bristol’s population is growing rapidly- demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl on the rural- urban fringe and building on brownfield and greenfield sites.
48
Q

What are problems in Stokes Croft?

A
  • it is an inner-city area with housing once built for industrial workers
  • housing became derelict
  • there were problems with squatters, riots and antisocial behaviour
49
Q

What is being done to improve Stokes Croft?

A
  • Bristol City Council obtained lottery grants to help improve the area
  • activists and artists want to revitalise the area through community action and public art, including graffiti art.
50
Q

How has urban growth led to urban sprawl in Bristol?

A
  • Bristol needs new housing because of:
    . a rapidly growing population
    .demolition of older slum dwellings
  • Urban sprawl has extended, particularly to the NW of the city
  • the new town of Bradley Stoke has extended the city to the north
51
Q

What is being done to reduce urban sprawl?

A
  • Bristol is developing brownfield sites such as harbourside

- between 2006 and 2013, only 6% of new housing developments were on greenfield land

Geography (20 decks)

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